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1、 定语从句导学案 (Attributive Clauses)本章节的学习要点：1. 定语从句的相关概念2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的意义及其区别3.引导定语从句的连接词的基本用法、特殊用法及其区别4.as引导限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法5.定语从句与同位语从句和其它从句的区别。定语从句的相关概念的建立1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一个名词、代词或整个句子的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词语或句子叫先行词。连接定语从句的连接词有关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）和关系副词（when, where, why或介词+which）。
2、关系代词既要起到连接从句的作用，又要代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或方式状语成分；关系副词既要起到连接从句的作用，又要代替先行词在从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语成分。定语从句必须放在被修饰语（即先行词）的后面。掌握定语从句的运用就是掌握连接词的使用。例如：You are the only the person who can help him. 你是唯一能帮助他的人。（先行词在从句中做主语） He wants to work in the laboratory whose facilities are complete. 他想找家设备完善的实验室工作。（先行词在从句中做定语） G
3、reat changes have taken place in the town where I was born. 我出生的城镇发生了巨大的变化。（先行词在从句中做地点状语） 2. 定语从句的分类：定语从句根据它们与主句的关系又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句是句子意思不可缺少的组成部分，若去掉它，句子意思就 不完整、不明确或不合逻辑；非限制性定语从句是一种插入语，一种信口补充的插话、 一种旁白或注释，它们对先行词不起限制作用，仅仅是对意思已经相当明确的先行词 加以补充说明，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。例如：His girl friend, who is on a j
4、ourney, sent him a postcard. 他的女朋友正在旅行，她寄给他一张明信片。 Yesterday I went to the museum, where I met a classmate of mine.3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别： 1)限定词定语从句是对先行词的限定，去掉它会对原句产生质的影响；而非限定性 定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，去掉它不会对原句产生质的影响。例如：He has a son who is a lawyer. （限制性定语从句） 他有一个作律师的儿子。（句子意思暗含：他不止有一个儿子） He has a son, who is a
5、 lawyer. （非限制性定语从句） 他有一个儿子 ，他是个律师。（句子意思含：他只有一个儿子） 2)限制性定语从句只能修饰名词或者代词；非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰词，还 可以修饰句子。例如：Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot where（at which） the Suez Canal was dug. 非洲实际上在开凿苏伊士运河的地方与亚洲相连。 The greatest earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres a
6、way. 这场最大的地震在200公理以外的北京都感觉到了。 He changed his mind, which made everybody surprised 他改变了主意，这令大家很吃惊。4 选择关系代词和关系副词的依据。先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 和方式状语时要用关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as等）；先行词在定语从句 中作表语(表示地点)或状语(时间、地点、原因)时，用关系副词(when, where, why)或 “介 词+which”。连接定语从句的连接词的选择取决于先行词在定语从句中的所充当的成分， 同时，限制性定语从句
7、与非限制定语从句又有一定的不同。所以，要确定连接定语从 句的连接词就要：确定定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的；确定先行词是指人还是指物；确定连接词代替先行词在定语从句中充当什么成份。确定先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分有两种情况。若定语从句缺少主语、宾语（及物动词）或表语时，很容易看出来，因为它们是构成句子的必要成分，用关系代词；否则，要根据上下文语意和逻辑性来判断先行词在定语从句中作的成分。注意：关系代词或者关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当相应的成分，所以从句中不 能重复出现该成分。学习限制性定语从句通过观察下列例句完成表格：1. He would give the book to hi
8、s grandson who/that was not yet born. 他要把这本书留给还未出生的孙子。 She is the lady (who/whom/that) I met in your office yesterday. 她就是我昨天在你办公室遇见的那个女士。 My sister married the man (who/whom/that) she was engaged to. =My sister married the man to whom she was engaged. 我姐姐嫁给了和她定婚的那个人。2. They work in a factory that /
9、which makes colour TV sets. 他们在生产彩电的工厂里工作。 We used to quarrel with each other during the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm. 我们在农场一起呆着期间经常吵架。 Well meet at the place (that/which) we visited last week. 我们就在上星期参观的那个地方会面。 Nearby were two canoes (that/which) they had come to the island in. =
10、Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. 他们来岛时乘坐的两只独木舟就在附近。3. Its a puzzle to me that what has made him the man (that) he is. 我不明白是什么使他变成现在这个样子。 China is no longer the China (that) she used to be. 中国已不是过去的那个中国了。The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the acci
11、dent and went to the hospital to see him.金先生工作的那个部门的老板听说了这个事故，然后去医院看他。His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他的父母不让他娶穷人家的姑娘。I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease=I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with disease.我看到一些树因染上疾病叶子发黑。4. I dont like the wa
12、y (that/in which) you listen with your mouth half open.我不喜欢你半张着嘴听话的方式。5. This was the period when (in which) he first began the research and studies which led to his famous Theory of Relativity. 就是在这个时期，他首次开始了导致他后来创立著名相对论的探索和研究。 Ill never forget the day when (on which) I joined the army. 我从不会忘记入伍的那一
13、天。 6. The old prime Minister went into the hall where（in which）the cheats were working at the empty looms. 老丞相走进了骗子干活的大厅，他们正在空织布机旁织布。 The zoo where (to which) my father took me for the first time isnt far away. 我父亲第一次领我去的动物园离这不远。 We met at the same place (where/in which) I saw him last. 我们是在上一次见到他的原
14、地方会面的。 Each morning, Billy leaves the house at 5:15 to go to the corner where the newspapers are. 比利每天早上5:15离开家去到报纸所在的地方。7. The reason (why/for which/that) hes changed his mind isnt clear to us. 我们不清楚他改变主意的原因。 Do you know the reason (why /for which/ that) he was sentenced to death. 你知道他被判死刑的原因吗？ 先行词（n. &pron.）先行词在从句中的成分 连接词（关系代词和关系副词）1. 指人作主语关系代词作动宾或介词不提前的宾语作介词提前的宾语2. 指物作主语作动宾或介词不提前的宾语作介词提前的宾语3. 指人/指物作表语作定语4. way方式状语5. 时间名词时间状语关系副词6. 地点名词地点状语7. reason原因状语学习关系代词asas 引导的定语从句须满足两个条
