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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. Yet that is what the internets fundamental addressing scheme has had to accommodate. When the network was first
2、 established there were only a handful of computer centres in America. Instead of choosing a numbering system that could support a few thousand or million addresses, the internets designers foresightedly opted for one that could handle 4 billion. But now even that is not enough.The addressing system
3、, called internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), cannot keep up with the flood of computers, mobile phones, hand-held gadgets, games consoles and even cars and refrigerators flooding onto the network. Nearly 85% of available addresses are already in use; if this trend continues they will run out by 2011
4、, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a think-tank for rich countries, warned in May.The shortage is not the only problem; so too is growing complexity. IPv4 addresses are allocated in blocks to network operators. The path to reach each network is published on a global list th
5、at is constantly updated. Big computers, called routers, use these entries to guide the flow of traffic across the internet. But as more devices and networks link to the internet, it becomes necessary to subdivide the address blocks into ever-smaller units. This risks overtaxing the millions of rout
6、ers that handle the internets traffic, which must be regularly upgraded to keep up. Were there no alternative to IPv4, parts of the internet would eventually suffer from sporadic outages.Fortunately a new system does exist, called internet protocol version 6, which provides 3.4X1038 addresses. This
7、means IPv6 addresses can be allocated to network operators and companies in much larger quantities. It also provides a clean slate for establishing new paths over the internet, reducing complexity. But switching means upgrading millions of devices.In fact, support for IPv6 is already widely availabl
8、e in software and hardware, but it has not been used much. Only a few research institutions and the American government took the IPv6 plunge early on. (In America all federal agencies must be capable of using IPv6 by June 30th 2008, by executive order.)But in recent months the pace of change has pic
9、ked up. In February Mr Vixie, a network engineer, flipped a switch that means domain names can now map onto IPv6 addresses. This may herald more widespread adoption of the new protocol, since it means that any organisation can use IPv6 addresses with its domain names, and users can access them witho
10、ut special rigging.1.From the first paragraph we may infer that the design of the internets fundamental addressing scheme is（ ）.2.According to the author, the addressing system IPv4（ ）.3.The potential problem with internet protocol version 4 today is that（ ）.4.It is implied that IPv6 addresses（ ）.5.
11、Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.over-populatedB.very popularC.out of dateD.rather irrational问题2选项A.will run out by 2011B.cannot keep up with so much informationC.is over-loaded with too many functionsD.is damaged by a think-tank for rich countries问题3选项A.nearl
12、y 85% of available addresses are already in useB.cars and refrigerators are flooding onto the networkC.it is growing into a kind of complexityD.there is a shortage of available addresses in the near future问题4选项A.are not very popular for some technical reasonsB.are produced in much larger quantitiesC
13、.are upgrading millions of devicesD.can be an alternative to IPv4问题5选项A.The internets fundamental addressing schemeB.The principle of internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)C.The potential problem with the existing addressing systemD.An alternative internet protocol to deal with address shortage【答案】第1题:D
14、第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. 没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市供水系统，能够在短短几年内应对人口增长1000倍的情况。”以及最后两句“Instead of choosing a numbering system that could suppo
15、rt a few thousand or million addresses, the internets designers foresightedly opted for one that could handle 4 billion. But now even that is not enough. 互联网的设计者深谋远虑地选择了能够处理40亿个地址的编号系统，而不是能够支持几千或几百万个地址的编号系统。但现在，即使这样也还不够。”由此可知，这个设计是不合理的，因为没有考虑到人口暴增的问题，所以选项D正确。2.判断推理题。根据第二段的第一句“The addressing system,
16、called internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), cannot keep up with the flood of computers, mobile phones, hand-held gadgets, games consoles and even cars and refrigerators flooding onto the network. 这个被称为互联网协议4 (IPv4)的寻址系统无法跟上涌入网络的电脑、手机、手持设备、游戏机，甚至是汽车和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4寻址系统跟不上如此多的信息，所以选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段首句“The shortage is not the onl
