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1、高考英语非谓语动词考点例析（上）非谓语动词包括动词不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）三种形式，由于它们在句中不能单独作谓语而得名。本文将结合近年高考题，分上、下两期对非谓语动词主要考点作一简单回顾。一、非谓语动词作主语和宾语【真题回放】1) They are quiet, arent they?-Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals. (08江苏卷)A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking2) David threatened _ his ne
2、ighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. （09上海卷）A. to be reported B. reportingC. to report D. having reported【要点点津】 能够作主语和宾语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。其中，不定式常表示具体的、某一次动作，而动名词多表示经常性、习惯性动作。有时为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语或宾语。如：Isnt it time you got down to marking the papers? (06重庆卷)In fact it is a hard job f
3、or the police to keep order in an important football match. (01上海卷) 考例1答案为D。be accustomed to意思是“习惯于”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。依据语境，他们习惯于吃饭时不说话，故选D。 考例2答案为C。threaten后要接不定式作宾语；threaten to do sth威胁说要做某事。二、非谓语动词作表语【真题回放】3) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （09四川卷
4、）A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat4) Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. （09江苏卷）A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended【要点点津】 不定式、动名词和分词可跟在系动词后面，在句中作表语。如：The purpos
5、e of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.My favorite pastime has always been contributing to some English newspapers.We were all tired out when we finally climbed onto the top of the hill. We never thought climbing was so tiring. 考例3答案为A。seat为及物动词，意思是“使就座”，常用于被动语态，
6、或用其过去分词形式表示被动。该句中，过去分词seated用作表语，与谓语动词remain构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。 考例4答案为C。该句使用了倒装结构，动名词短语作表语前置了。正常语序是：Our alumni (校友) from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning。三、非谓语动词作宾补【真题回放】5) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we
7、can. (08江苏卷)A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak6) They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. （09全国卷II）A. being run B. run C. to run D. running【要点点津】 能够在句中用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如：The doctor warned him time and time again not to smoke, but he smoked all the same.Helen had to shout to
8、 make herself heard above the sound of the music. (NMET2004III)Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷) 在被动语态中，作宾语补足语的非谓语动词就成了主语补足语。如：The poor slaves were made to work for more than 14 hours a day.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. (NMET20
9、03)She headed for the hospital in such a hurry that the door was left unlocked. 考例5答案为C。spoken是过去分词作宾语，宾语English和宾补动作speak之间为被动关系。 考例6答案为D。running smoothly是现在分词短语作宾补；keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事。四、非谓语动词作定语【真题回放】7) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. （09安徽卷）A. produced B. bei
10、ng producedC. to be produced D. having been produced8) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. （09北京卷）A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow【要点点津】 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语。如：There are five pairs to choose from, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99上海卷)The reading room
11、of our school library is large enough to hold 800 people.Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. (07四川卷)The repairs cost a lot, but its money well spent. （05湖北卷）The computer center, (which was) opened last year, is very popular among the students. 考例7答案为C。to b
12、e produced next month是不定式短语作定语，修饰the play, 表示将来的动作。 考例8答案为A。grown on his own farm是过去分词短语作定语，修饰fruit, 表示被动和完成。五、非谓语动词作状语【真题回放】9) _ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（09福建卷）A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded10) A small plane crashed i
13、nto a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. （09上海卷）A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill【要点点津】 能作状语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。如：-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -To get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. （99上海卷）Dressed in a white uniform,
14、 he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (05湖南卷) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing. (06江苏卷) 考例9答案为B。Reminded not to miss是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句As the manager had been reminded not to miss, 分词动作remind与逻辑主语the manager之间为被动关系。 考例10答案为B。killing all four people on board是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果，分词动作kill与逻辑主语a small plane之间为主动关系。【学以致用】1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北卷)A.doB. to doC. doingD. and doing2) Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (06安徽卷)A. inte
