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1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题1.Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses
2、, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches,attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals,and cope with the people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. 2.The impact of decentralization trends, of cou
3、rse, extends well beyond cities. Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround Americas cities. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities: failing schools,persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. Even
4、 suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form of overcrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.【答案】1.华盛顿欧文远在一百年前就把握住了这一事实。他写道：外地人若要
5、对英国人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必须到乡村去。他应该在乡村小住数日，参观城堡、别墅、农场房屋及村民居住的农舍，逛逛公园、花园，沿着矮树丛及林荫小路溜达；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下时光，参加纪念守护神节日的活动，看看集市，与村民同庆他们的节日，与不同场合的人打交道，了解他们的习惯并欣赏他们的幽默。2.当然，分散化趋势的影响远远超出了城市范围。无序扩张的发展格局破坏着全关各城市周围许多郊区的稳定。年代较久的郊区经受着和市区同样的挑战：学校教育质量每况愈下、犯罪屡禁不止、就业和商业机会流失到其他更远的郊区。即使是发展迅速的郊区也出现了爆炸式增长的弊端，尤其体现在以下几个方面：学校过度拥挤,上下班交通
6、耗时长，当地政府无力出资建造新的道路、下水道和其他基础设施。2. 单选题By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies ( and a few original)
7、of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing,
8、 gilding teaching, keeping artists were described at the time suggests their status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760s: painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in Engl
9、and or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, a
10、ll three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia int
11、roduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portrait
12、s, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artis
13、ts, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1.What does the pass
14、age mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to（）3.It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England（）4.According to the passage, artists such as Copley, West and Peale signed their paintings because this（）5. T
15、he author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in Paragraph 2 as examples of which of the following?6.With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.European influence on colonial American painting.B.The importance of patronage to artists.C.The changing status of
16、artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.D.Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.问题2选项A.paint wheel carriagesB.paint portraitsC.varnish furnitureD.paint flat surfaces问题3选项A.considered artists to be superior to paintersB.barely painted portraitistsC.were often very wealthyD.im
