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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题That part of the city has long been for its street violence and disorder.问题1选项A.notoriousB.famousC.illegalD.responsible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Notorious “臭名昭著的”；famous “著名的”；illegal “非法的”；responsible “负责的”。句意：该市那个地区由于街头暴力和无秩序而长时间臭名昭著。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Iceland lies far nort
2、h in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Iceland与 Arctic Circle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。3. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of
3、the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of s
4、ocial systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confiden
5、ce that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. D.Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is
6、based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting, and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
7、In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their su
8、ffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply beca
9、use we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago
10、, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.1. The autho
11、r believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_.2. The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because_.3. We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because_.问题1选项A.the
12、 records of social systems are more reliableB.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of dataC.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciencesD.it is not based on personal experience问题2选项A.new information is constantly coming inB.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurateC
13、.the direction of their development is difficult to predictD.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time问题3选项A.theories of its origin and history are variedB.our knowledge of it is highly insecureC.only a very small sample of it has been observedD.few scientists are involved in the study of as
14、tronomy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面不准确，但也不太可能被新的发现彻底推翻（Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries），由此可知选项A“关于社会制度的记录更为可靠”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句话提到我们对于天文宇宙（属于自然科学）甚至地球
15、地质历史的图像形象都很容易发生受到革命性的变化，因为会不断有新的数据和理论出现来推翻之前的理论（In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of or even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out），由此可知自然科学之所以不断变化是因为时刻有不同的理论出现，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第一句话提到人类对于天文宇宙的记录是非常有限的（Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme），所以人们对天文宇宙的了解很少。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题By about A.D. D.500 the Mound Builder (筑堤人) culture was declining, perhaps because of
