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1、AStudyofEnteringToneinYiyangDialectSunFan【Abstract】ThispaperfocusonenteringtoneexistinYiyangDialect.EnteringtoneplaysacrucialroleinthedailycommunicationofancientChina,nowadaysthismannercanalsobefoundinmanysoutherndialects.Thispaperclassifiesitsdefinition,lawsandcurrentsituationinthestudyofYiyangdial
2、ect.Andthenwanttofindsomesuggestionsforfurtherresearch.【Keywords】enteringtone;Yiyangdialect;existence【作者簡介】SunFan,FacultyofForeignStudies,BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity。1.Definition1.1EnteringtoneEnteringtoneisaspecialcategoryinChinesesyllables.Comparedtofourmaintoneshigh-leveltone,risingtone,f
3、alling-risingtoneandfallingtone,itisarelativesyllableratherthanparallelone,whetherinancient,modern,norpresenttime.Around500A.D.,ZhouYonginQidynastyarguedthatenteringtoneshouldbeasimportantasfourmaintones.Manylinguistshavediscussedthisphenomenonoverthousandyears,butstillcannotmakeauniformconclusion.S
4、o,whatcanbecalledenteringtone?Wecanfindtwodefinitions:1itisoneoffourancientChinesetones,itpronouncesshortandsharp,andsometimesmakesconsonantsterminalsoundsModernChineseDictionaryP965,thecommercialpress,1979;2oneoffourmaintonesinChina.Thelengthofenteringtoneisshortandswift.Ittakeplosivesasitstail,pro
5、nounces-p?,-t?,-k?,like六、八、十inCantonese;orpronouncesasglottalstop-?,likeShanghaidialect;orishardlypronounced,anddevelopsonitsown,likeXiangdialect.Cihaireducededition,P308,ShanghaiLexicographicalPublishingHouse.Theabovedefinitionsshowthecharacteristicsofenteringtone,i.e.,wecandistinguishenteringtonef
6、romothertonesbyitsshortandsharpsyllables,andwecanfindplosivetailatitsend.However,oneimportantfeaturedoesnotshowintheprecedingsentence,thatis,thechangeofpitch.Asweallknow,toneconsistsofpitchchangewiththesyllables.So,ifenteringtonedoesnotshowthatfeature,wecannotmakereasonableconclusionthatitbelongstoa
7、nothertypeoftone.InthehistoryofChinesespeech,ifpeoplecomeagainstdifficultiesinsoundsofwords,theyoftenlookuparhymedictionarycalledGuangyun,whichcollatesanoverwhelmingmajorityofpronunciationsinChinathatcanbetracedtotheirsorigins.Guangyuntakestoneasthekeylink,thusarrangeswordsaccordingtotone,rhyme,ands
8、ound.Foridentifyingdifferenttypesofsyllables,peopleinmedievalChinahavecreatedsegmentalfeature“openandlengthfeature“long,sowecanseeintheschemathatthefeatureofvocalicrhymeis“+openand“+long;nasalrhyme“-openand“+long;enteringrhyme“-openand“-long.Thatistosay,pitchofspeechhasnotbeenregardedasacrucialfeatu
9、reforpeopletoseparatevocalicrhyme,nasalrhymeandenteringrhymefromeachother.1.2YiyangDialectAsonebranchofXiangdialect,YiyangdialecthasthesamecharacteristicsasXiangdialectChenlizhong,2020:1initial:theancientvoicedinitialsbecomeunaspiratedonceappearedwithplosives,oraffricates;2rhymetail:theplosivetail-p
10、?,-t?,-k?graduallydisappear,sodoesglottalstop-?;3tone:thetoneofYiyangdialecthasfiveormoretypes;4register:LocatedinthedistrictofXiangRiver,ZijiangRiver,andYuanjiangRivermiddlepart,orinNanlingregion,ordialectalislandthatcausedbyimmigrantfromthiscity.2.TheEvolutionofToneSysteminYiyangDialectYiyangdiale
11、ctbelongstoYi-Yuansub-dialectofChang-Yidialect.Currently,thekindofresearchisrelativelycontroversialandthereisstillexiststhevagueknowledgeofit.Therearetwodifferentviewpointsholdbylinguists,onestatesthatenteringtonesreallyexistinYiyangdialect,linguistslikeBaohouxing,Chenpuqing,Cuizhenhua,Xuhuiclassify
12、thetonesystemofYiyangdialectintofivetonecategoriesXuhui,2020,i.e.Yinping,Yangping,falling-risingtone,fallingtone,andenteringtone;anotheronearguesthatwecannotfindenteringtoneinYiyangdialect,linguistslikeYangshifeng,Wuzongji,ZengyumeireducethetonesystemofYiyangdialectintofivedifferenttypes,i.e.Yinping
13、,Yangping,falling-risingtone,vocalicrhymeofenteringtone,andnasalrhymeofenteringtoneZengyumei,1995.So,wewilldiscussthisquestionthroughthefollowingtables:theToneTableofYiyangDialect1ThetwotablesshowtheevolutionofmedievaltoneinYiyangdialect,i.e.YinpingandYangpingbothbelongtohigh-leveltone,all-voicedfal
14、ling-risingtonepronouncedasfallingtone,voicelessmembersinfallingtonearepronouncedasYangping,andvoicedmembersinfallingtonearepronouncedasitsoriginaltone.ItisapparentthatenteringtoneinYiyangdialectisretainedfully.Yiyangdialecthavebeenusedbyresidentsinarelativelyfixedareaandclosedenvironment.Itonlycanb
15、einfluencedbyChang-Yidialect,soithasstrongconsistencyanddoesnotchangetoomuch.Theabovetwoshowtherelationbetweenfallingtoneandenteringtoneclearly.ThisphenomenonthatfallingtonesinmedievaltimegraduallyturnintoenteringtonescanoftenbeenfoundinYiyangdialect,sowecannotclassifyitintoexceptionorstyleofliterar
16、yandcolloquial.WecanseethatcurrentdialectinYiyangstillcontainsenteringtone.So,thispapertotallysupportthefirstviewproposedbylinguistsBaohouxing,Chenpuqing,Cuizhenhua,Xuhui,i.e.enteringtonesexistinYiyangdialectbeyondallquestion.3.EnteringToneinYiyangDialectIn?ReportofHunanDialectInvestigation?,Yangshifengdefines“tonesystemofYiyangdialectas:Yinping,Yangping,falling-risingtone,vocalicinitialsm,n,l,roffalli