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1、Western PhilosophyAncient GreeceSocrates “The only thing I know for certain is that I know nothing.”Questioning everything (Socratic method)Plato Reason/logic (“mind over matter”), rationalismIdealism society where people use their minds to work together to understand the worldAristotle “matter over
2、 mind”Empirical evidence - data (science)Water (45 C), freezing (-10 C), becomes iceScientific method1. Hypothesis (idea)2. Experiment3. Observe4. Conclusion based on the results (Was the hypothesis right or wrong?)Science came from philosophyIn the West, people have used philosophy (and science) to
3、 understand the world/universe and how it worksEastern philosophy1. Older than Western philosophy2. Comes from oral tradition (from generation to generation)3. How to live your life (guidance/advice)Western philosophy1. Newer than Eastern philosophy2. Written (Ancient Greece)3. Trying to understand
4、the world around them (observing and science)Ancient RomeChristianitySociety declined and spread out (Middle Ages/ Medieval period)People were less educated (less science and philosophy)Religious (Christianity)Christian philosopher theologianSt. Augustine Plato (idealism)Christians believed in the s
5、pirit (mind) and the body/material worldSt. Thomas Aquinas Aristotle (believed you could prove that god existed using reason/logic)Renaissance (“rebirth”)More people rediscovered Ancient philosophy, art, scienceStudied people as a part of the natural worldScience divided into different fields (physi
6、cs, chemistry, biology, astronomy)Mathematics (use mathematics with science)Rene Descartes (Rationalism) similar Plato and St. Augustine“I think; therefore, I am.”Father of modern Rationalism, also the father of modern Western philosophyAge of Enlightenment/Age of Reason (less religious)Immanuel Kant (combined parts of Rationalism and Empiricism)“Nature versus nurture”Philosophy and science share a common history
