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1、英语学习讲义专题限时检测(十九)阅读理解B篇保分练(二)(共4篇，限时28分钟)A(2019南京、盐城模拟)That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by just how much, because prices vary for all sorts of reasons, from differences in labour costs and rents to taxes. Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Economi
2、c Journal by Giacomo Calzolari, Andrea Ichino, Francesco Manaresi and Viki Nellas，economists at the European University Institute, Bologna University and the Italian central bank. They looked at pharmacies (药房) and specifically at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off: new parents.Using
3、data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy, the researchers measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s, according to which regions with at most 7,500 people are
4、allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high). They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above.The products studied included some 3,000 varieties of shampoos, bath foams, baby wipes, creams and so on. Many are also used by adult
5、s on themselves. Some people, for example, prefer suncream labelled “for children” because of its high level of protection. When raising prices for these products, even a pharmacist with a monopoly (垄断) must consider the risk that adult users will switch to products that are not aimed at children. B
6、ut a rise in the number of babies, and hence buyers who are parents, could tip_the_scales_towards price increases. By contrast, the pharmacist should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users, such as nappies.The scholars found that pharmacists raised
7、 prices when there were more new parents but only in regions with a single pharmacy, and not for nappies. In monopoly areas a doubling of the number of babies from one month to the next (not unusual in a small population) coincided with a 5% increase in the price of the basket of babyhygiene product
8、s.The study is timely. Italys government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business, and not just in Italy. The consumers
9、who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around for example, people with crying babies on their hands.语篇解读：研究人员发现竞争有利于降低价格。但是在一些人口比较少，只有一家垄断的药店的地方，儿童用药价格就比较高，所以文章建议政府放宽医药行业准入门槛，多增加一些药店，这样可以减轻新手父母的负担。1Whats the purpose of the study?ATo review the function of the special
10、 law for pharmacies.BTo make clear the relation between competition and prices.CTo collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy.DTo gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Italy.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by ju
11、st how much .”可知，大家都知道竞争会导致价格下降，但是很难具体测量竞争到底影响了多少价格，所以研究的目的是为了搞清楚竞争和价格之间的关系。2The underlined phrase“tip the scales”in Paragraph 3 means “_”Apush the moveBkeep the levelCcontrol the rise Dbreak the balance解析：选A词义猜测题。根据本文的主题以及常识可知婴儿多了，家长(要扩大购买)会推动价格上涨。画线词意为“推动价格上涨”，A项与之表达的意思一致，故选A。3The governments new
12、measures will greatly benefit _.Apharmacy owners Blocal merchantsCnew parents Dadult users解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，怀抱婴儿的家长不方便到远的地方去买儿童药品，所以在药店比较少的地方容易被欺诈。放宽一些禁止医药行业竞争的政策，同一个地方会有更多的药店，有利于降低药价，所以刚做父母的人会受益。B(2019南通七市模拟)We all have defining moments in our lives meaningful experiences that stand out in our
13、 memory. Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter (相遇) with someone who becomes the love of your life. A new teacher who spots a talent you didnt know you had. These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck. We cant control them.But is that true? Not necessarily. Defining mom
14、ents shape our lives, but we dont have to wait for them to happen. We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them. Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements. We start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences an
15、d forget others? In the case of big days, such as weddings, the answer is pretty clear its a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion. No surprise that its more memorable than a maths lesson. But for other experiences in life from holidays to work projects its not so clear why we remem
16、ber what we do.Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge (浸入) their hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14 water. (Remember 14 water feels much colder than 14 air.) They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15. The participants were then give
