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1、延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词 和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作能够延续下去或产生持 久影响。如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作， 这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arri
2、ve, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1. 延续性动词能够用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。 表示段时间的短语有： for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来至U这儿就学英语了。2. 延 续性 动 词 不能 与 表 示短 暂 时 间的 点 时 间 状 语 连 用 。 如 ： It raind at eight
3、 yesterday morning.（误）rain 为延续性动词，而 at eight 表示点时间， 前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，能够借助 come, begin, get 等 终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正）又如： -When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1. 终止性动词可
4、用来表示某一动作完成，所以可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2. 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。所以，不可与表示一段时间的状 语连用（只限肯定式）。如：（1）他死了三年了。误： He has died for three years. 正： He has been dead for three years. 正： He died three years ago. 正： It is three years since he died. 正： Three
5、years has passed since he died.（2）他来这儿五天了。误： He has come here for five days. 正： He has been here for five days. 正： He came here five days ago. 正： It is five days since he came here. 正： Five days has passed since he came here.（1）、（2）句中的 die、come 为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么， 应如何准确表达呢？能够采用下面的四种方法：（1）将句中终止性
6、动词转换为相对应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种准确表达 方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, die f be dead, move to live in, finish be over, join be in/be a member of, open sth. keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。（2）将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二 种准确表达方式。用句型It i
7、s+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种准确表达方式。用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种准确表达方 式。3. 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为能够延续的状态，因而可与表示 一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till .的句 型，意为直到才。如：You cant leave here until I arriv
8、e直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight .今天晚上直至U我画完画，我 才上床睡觉。5. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导 的时间状语从句中。 when 表示的时间是点时间（从句谓语动词用终止性动词），也 可以是段时间（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或 过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. （reach 为终止性动词）
9、Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. （be away 为延续性动词短语）6. 终止性动词完成时不可与 how long 连用（只限于肯定式）。如：误： How long have you come here?正： How long have you been here?正： When did you come here?延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如： learn, work, stand, lie, know,
10、walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语 连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there
11、for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?二. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结 束。 女口: open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for
12、3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+ 组织机构, be a member of+ 组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come her
13、e - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear ； catch a cold have a cold 等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago.The old man has been dead for 4 years.
14、It is 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old mandied. He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. I boughtthe book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.补充练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had lef
15、t C. has been away D. had been away2. I the League for 5 years so far.A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt until he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be left6. The meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7. Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8. Ben a teacher for 4 years .A.
