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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Gratitude is defined as the art of showing（ ）for every kindness, great and small.问题1选项A.motivationB.appreciationC.affectionD.opposition【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motivation的意思是“动机”；B选项appreciation的意思是“感激，欣赏”；C选项affection的意思是“喜爱，爱慕”；D选项opposition的意思是“反对，敌对”。题干的意思是“感恩就是一种对大
2、大小小的善意表达（ ）的艺术。”根据首单词Gratitude（感谢；感激）我们可知空格处应填与该单词联系度最高的单词，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Once, at a party, I was introduced to a friend of a friend. We shook hands, I told her my name, she told me hers. Then she did something that I was ever so grateful for. “Hang on,” she said. “Can you say your name again? I wasn
3、t really listening.” She saved me from having to laterpossibly even at the same partysheepishly admit that I, too, had already forgotten her name.An informal poll of fellow Atlantic staffers confirmed my suspicion that this is something that happens to even the most kind and conscientious among us.
4、No sooner does someone utter the most fundamental factoid about themselves than the information flees our brains forever.There are a few reasons why this occurs:Youre not really that interested: Maybe youre just making an appearance at this party and are planning to abscond shortly to a superior kic
5、k-back. Your level of interest can impact how well you remember something. “Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships,” Richard Harris, professor of psychology at Kansas State University, told Science Daily. “They wou
6、ld be more motivated to remember somebodys name.” There are two types of storage in the brain: Long-term and short-term. The short-term variety is called “working memory,” and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It doesnt hold much and it spills stuff out all the time. “You can hold just a littl
7、e bit of information there and if you dont concentrate on it, it fades away rapidly,” Paul Reber, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, told me in an email. “Information like a name needs to be transferred to a different brain system that creates long-term memories that persist over tim
8、e.” Theres not much in a name, frankly. It doesnt actually tell you anything about the person youre meeting, and thus it doesnt give your brain anything to cling to. “Human memory is very good at things like faces and factual information that connects well to other information you already know,” Reb
9、er said. The name ends up neither connecting to what you already know nor standing out as unusual,” Reber said. “So you get this funny phenomenon where you can remember lots about a person you recently meteverything except their name (this happens to me all the time).”1.The author points out in the
10、first two paragraphs that（ ）.2.According to Richard Harris, how well we remember a name is related to（ ）.3.What is the problem mentioned in Paragraph 5?4.It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that names are（ ）.5.What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.we want to know how to remember other peoples
11、 nameB.we often feel sorry for forgetting other peoples nameC.it is important to remember other peoples nameD.it is just common to forget other peoples name问题2选项A.whether it is necessary to do itB.whether the name is easy to rememberC.how good our memory isD.how interested we are in that person问题3选项
12、A.Limit of working memory.B.Confusing information.C.Malfunction of the brain.D.Too much information.问题4选项A.symbolicB.pointlessC.uniqueD.informative问题5选项A.Whats in a name?B.Whats your name, again?C.Dont forget my nameD.Thats my name【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。前两段作者根据自己的亲身经历讲述我们经常忘记别人的名字。
13、该题的解题关键在于要联系上下文，第三段说道“There are a few reasons why this occurs:（出现这种情况有以下几个原因：）”，那么最能承接这句话的就是正确答案。A选项“我们想知道如何记住别人的名字”；B选项“我们常常因为忘记了别人的名字而感到抱歉”；C选项“记住别人的名字是很重要的”都和下文联系不大，所以D选项“忘记别人的名字是很正常的”正确。2.事实细节题。第四段中指出“Your level of interest can impact how well you remember something.（你的兴趣程度会影响你记忆的好坏。）”，Richard H
14、arris的研究指出也表明“Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships（有些人可能更有社会意识，对人更感兴趣，对人际关系更感兴趣。）”，A选项“是否有必要做这件事”；B选项“名字是否容易被记住”；C选项“我们的记忆力有多好”都与原文不符，因此D选项“我们对那个人有多感兴趣”正确。3.推理判断题。第五段主要讲了短时记忆即工作记忆的缺点。“The short-term variety is ca
15、lled working memory, and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It doesnt hold much and it spills stuff out all the time.（短期记忆被称为工作记忆，它的功能就像一个漏水的保温瓶。它装不了多少东西，还总是把东西倒出来。）”。B选项“混乱的信息”；C选项“大脑功能障碍”；D选项“太多的信息”都不符合段意，因此A选项“工作记忆的限制”正确。4.事实细节题。第六段说到“Theres not much in a name, frankly. It doesnt actually tell you anything about the person youre meeting, and thus it doesnt give your brain anything to cling to.（坦白地说，名字里并没有什么。它实际上并没有告诉你任何关于你要见的人的信息，因此它也没有给你的大脑任何依附的东西。）”，由此可看出名字是没有什么实际意义的。A选项“符号”；C选项“独特的”；D选项“信息量大的”都不符合原文，因此B选项“没有意义的”正确。5.主旨大意题。由文章第一段可知我们经常忘记别人的名字，文
