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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Today scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its role in（ ）organisms.问题1选项A.liveB.lifeC.livingD.alive【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。live活的，实况转播的;life生活;living活的，现存的，逼真的；alive活着的，有生气的。句意：现如今科学家们对遗传学及其在生物体中的作用有了更深入的了解。填空处修饰organisms，选项C正确且符合句意。2. 单选题The Jatakan
2、a culture encompasses every（ ）of life from beliefs, superstitions, and practices to art, education and tourism.问题1选项A.respectB.inspectC.aspectD.suspect【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。根据句意可知这里指Jatakana文化覆盖了生活的方方面面，选项C符合句意。3. 翻译题One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The b
3、asic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy. Buying a commodity or the stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred,
4、the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators f
5、oresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which i
6、s developing.【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要问为什么允许进行投机活动。这其中根本的原因是投机能对经济活动产生有益作用。当人们预期商品价格的上涨速度要超过市场平衡点时，就会买入商品或股票并鼓励更多的供应商入市。如果价格的变化滞后，甚至在切实的商品短缺发生后，价格还没有变化，价格波动可能会更剧烈和更突然。调节性的供应行为此时丝毫不能耽搁。同样，如果投机商预测到某些商品会供应过量，这时他们如果卖出期货将有助于在切实的商品供应过量发生前将价格下调到一定水平。当投机商预测到商品会短缺并通过竞标抬高价格时，他们也在帮助囤积当前的商品供应。随着价格的上涨，人们购买的商品量就会减少
7、；价格的上涨鼓励人们节约。同样，降低价格将会鼓励使用者购买更多的商品，进而有助于将正在形成供应过量的商品销售出去。4. 翻译题 It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: it reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the l
8、arger public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times, and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that ones antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden. This is true in France, and is absolutel
9、y true in England: The range (and reign) of accents on that damp little island make England coherent for the English and totally incomprehensible for everyone else. To open your mouth in England is (if I may use black English) to “put your business in the street”: You have confessed your parents, yo
10、ur youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future.【答案】不言而喻，语言也是一种政治工具、手段和力量的象征。对于身份而言语言是极其形象并且至关重要的，因为它可以透露个人的身份，也可以将个人与公众或公共的身份联系起来或与其分离开。在某些时间或地点讲某种语言可能是危险的，甚至是致命的。这种情况过去发生过，现在也存在。或者某人可能讲一种语言，但是这样就会泄露自己的身份，也可能像他所希望的那样而隐瞒。这种情况在法国如此，在英国尤其如此：在这片湿气袭人的小岛上，英式口音的影响及统治范围使英国仅与带有英
11、国口音的英国人和谐共存，却不适合其他人在此生活。在英国开口说英语（如果我可以使用黑人英语）相当于把你的全部都公之于众，包括你的父母、青年时期、所受的教育、薪水、自尊，天啊，甚至你的未来都被一览无余。5. 单选题A completely new situation is bound to （ ）when the examination system is introduced.问题1选项A.riseB.ariseC.raiseD.arouse【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。句意：当考试制度被引入时，必然会出现一个全新的局面。arise没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。所以
12、选项B正确。6. 单选题Children are often（ ） sports at an early age. As they get older and start school they participate in sports as a way both to make new friends and be active.问题1选项A.exposed toB.spoiled byC.indulged inD.worried about【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。exposed to接触，暴露于;spoiled by被宠坏;indulged in沉溺于;worried about
13、为.担心。句意：孩子们经常在很小的时候就接触到运动。随着他们长大开始上学，参加体育运动以此来结交新朋友变得活跃。只有A选项符合语境。7. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意
14、。8. 单选题Our new firm （ ） for a credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.问题1选项A.have lookedB.are lookingC.is lookingD.look【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。9. 单选题Am I to understand that his new post （ ） no responsibility with it at all
15、?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。carry responsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题He（ ） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.问题1选项A.repealedB.resentedC.replayedD.reproached【答案】D【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into
