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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Ever since its discovery, Pluto has never really fitted in. After the pale and glowing giant Neptune, it is little more than a cosmic dust mite, swept through the farthest reaches of the solar system on a planet wildly tilted relative to the rest of the planets. I
2、t is smaller than Neptunes largest moon, and the arc of its orbit is so oval that it occasionally crosses its massive blue neighbors path.For years, it has been seen as our solar systems oddest planet. Yesterday，however, scientists released perhaps the most convincing evidence yet that Pluto, in fac
3、t, is not a planet at all. For the first time, astronomers have peered into a belt of rocks beyond Pluto unknown until 10 years agoand found a world that rivals Pluto in size. The scientists posit that larger rocks must be out there，perhaps even larger than Pluto, meaning Pluto is more likely the ki
4、ng of this distant realm of space detritus than the tiniest of the nine planets.When discovered in 1930，“Pluto at that point was the only thing (that far) out there, so there was nothing else to call it but a planet,” says Mike Brown, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology in Pasade
5、na. “Now it just doesnt fit.” In one sense, the question of Pluto s planetary status is arcane, the province of pocket-protected scientists and sun-deprived pen pushers determined to decide some official designation for a ball of dust and ice 3 billion miles away.Yet it is also unquestionably someth
6、ing more. From science fair dioramas to government funding, planets hold a special place in the public imagination, and how Pluto is eventually seenby kids and Congress alikecould shape what future generations learn about this mysterious outpost on the edge of the solar system. The debate has split
7、the astronomical community for decades. Even before the distant band of rocks known as the Kuiper Belt was found, Plutos unusual behavior made it suspicious.Elsewhere, the solar system fit into near families: the rocky inner planets，the asteroid belt, the huge and gaseous outer planets. Pluto, thoug
8、h, was peculiar. With the discovery of the Kuiper Beltcountless bits of rock and ice left unused when the wheel of the solar system first formedPluto suddenly seemed to have cousins. Yet until yesterday, it held to its planetary distinction because it was far larger than anything located there.The r
9、ub now is Quaoar (pronounced KWAH-oar), 1 billion miles beyond Pluto and roughly half as large. Named after the creation force of the tribe that originally inhabited the Los Angeles basin, Quaoar forecasts problems for the erstwhile ninth planet, says discoverer Dr. Brown: “The case is going to get
10、a lot harder to defend the day somebody finds something larger than Pluto,”To some, the problem is not with Pluto, but the definition of “planet.” In short，there is none. To the Greeks, who coined the term, it meant “wanderer,” describing the way that the planets moved across the night sky different
11、ly from the stars behind them. Today, with our more nuanced understanding of the universe, the word no longer has much scientific meaning.New Yorks Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years ago by supposedly demoting Pluto, lumping it with the Kuiper Belt objects in its huge mobile of the sola
12、r system. In reality, however, the planetarium was making a much broader statement, says Nell Degrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist there. The textbooks of the future should focus more on families of like objects than “planets.” The discovery of Quaoar strengthens this idea: “Everyone needs to rethink t
13、he structure of our solar system,” he says. “Weve just stopped counting planets. Still, many are loath to part with the planet Pluto. They note that Pluto, in fact, is distinct from many Kuiper Belt objects. It has a thin atmosphere, for one. It reflects a great deal of light, while most Kuiper Belt
14、 objects are very dark. And unlike all but a handful of known Kuiper Belt objects，it has a moon. “Maybe Pluto，then, should be representative of a new class of planets,” says Mark Sykes, an astronomer at the University of Arizona in Tucson. “Its the first example, and we are just beginning to find th
15、is category.”1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?2.From when was Pluto seriously questioned about its planetary status?3.The sentence “In short，there is none.” (Para. 7) can be paraphrased as which of the following?4.Which of the following does not support the statement that Pl
16、uto is our “solar Systems oddest planet”?5.The word “commotion” in the expression “New Yorks Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years ago” (Para. 8) can be replaced by _.问题1选项A.Rocks larger than Pluto have been found in the Kuiper Belt.B.The Kuiper Belt did not exist when Pluto was first discovered.C.The astronomers are divided with regard to the status of Pluto.D.There is almost no difference
