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1、高考作文之结构-说明文说明文是英语常见的一种文体，也是高考书面表达一种常考文体。它以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征、科学原理、性能等的文章。在高考中，说明文的主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。说明文体的写作要点1. 语言准确无误，简明扼要。2. 抓住说明对象的基本特征。3. 遵循一定顺序，使文章条理清晰，层次分明，中心突出。 空间顺序：按照空间位置的顺序进行说明。 逻辑顺序：按照人们认识事物的规律来进行说明。 时间顺序：按事物发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。4. 运用恰当的方法进行说明。 定义法：旨在让不知道该说明对象的人对此物有一个起码
2、的了解，以利于下文的展开。 举例说明法：举出具有代表性的例子，使段落变得有血有肉，丰富起来。 比较法：为了突出事物鲜明的特点，我们常把它与其他事物进行比较。 细节描述法：介绍一种事物应提供一些细节，使被描述的对象更加形象具体，从而加深读者印象。5. 在讲究语言平实准确的前提下，可以适当运用描写的方法，并使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段。6. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时，用于强调客观事实，被动语态也比较常见。高考说明文的篇章结构开头the beginning对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍。主体the main body按照题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明。结尾the ending一两句收尾的句
3、子，表示说明到此为止。范例一2009江苏 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。鼠标的必要性对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪鼠标的便捷性点击，移动，插入，拷贝，删除编辑文本，搜索信息收发邮件，选购商品点播音乐，下载电影如果过分依赖鼠标（请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点）注意：1. 对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数；3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。The mouse is a most
4、 effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. One possible version:The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well-chosen mouse is
5、really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web page and download what we want. It can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a
6、 cute mouse.A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesnt always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking make
7、s us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.范例二2006全国卷I、II假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。注：1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。 June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. One possible version:June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your
8、last letter asking about our library. Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. The library is big. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects. There are also lots of n
9、ewspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends. We all like our library very much.Best wishes
10、,Li Hua附录-开头1. 开门见山，揭示主题文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”我怎样度假的开头可以写成：I Spent my last vacation happily2. 交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” 去金山旅游的开头可以写成：The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long
11、 trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.3. 回忆性的开头用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”泰山游的开头是：I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.4. 概括性的开头即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”读书的快乐的开头：People often say
12、that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.5. 介绍环境式的开头即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”一场事故的开头可以写成:It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was glo
13、omy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.6. 交待写作目的的开头在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”控制污染的开头：In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.附录结尾文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种： 1. 首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”我忘不了她的结尾：After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my lif
