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1、翻译三级笔译实务 -4（ 总分： 100.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、BSectio nI En glish Ch in ese Tran slatio n/B（总题数： 1,分数：60.00）1.There is an ever-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts, says the American Council on Education （ACE）. Twenty years ago, according to ACEs Annual
2、 Status Report on Minorities in Higher Education, 30 percent of African American male high school graduates （ages 18 to 24） were enrolled in college, compared with 28 percent of same-age black females and 41 percent of white males. Now, some 37 percent of black men are enrolled, compared with 42 per
3、cent of African American womenand 44.5 percent of white males. So while there are more black males enrolling in college today than 20 years ago, other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and, even more importantly, in retention rates. The graduation rate of black men is lower than that of any
4、group. Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years from colleges in 1996, compared with 59 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men, 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. Surveys and reports are hinting that
5、 the countrys educational apparatus is stacked against the black male. Fewer than one in five students of color have graduated from high school, have a set of college-prep courses on their high school transcripts and demonstrate basic literacy - the necessities for being college ready. Another glari
6、ng problem is that black males are disproportionately labeled as discipline and behavioral problems and fast tracked out of high schools through expulsions and suspensions. As if thats not enough, says ACEs William Harvey, theres a virtual drying up of federal aid-to-education grant money coupled wi
7、th jacked-up tuitions, which make it necessary for low-income students to assume an average 20,000 debtto finish a four-year curriculum. For those in the lower economic category, the availability of financial aid determines who gets to go to college and who doesnt, observes Harvey. Harvey points out
8、 that, over the years, federal funding has undergone a complete reversal, from a 70 percent to 30 percent grant-to-loan ratio 20 years ago to the exact opposite today. An 18-year-old male will be more inclined to say, I want money in my pocket now and attempt to get a job, adds Harvey. But many take
9、 on the debt, become part-time students, work 20-plus hours a week and become five-year students at a four-year college. The inequity of that educational apparatus is especially clear when you look at the black males who persevere - those who go on to finish high school, earn a bachelors degree and
10、even finish grad school. A recently released Census report shows that, whether they have a high school diploma or a masters degree, black men will earn roughly 25 percent less than Whites.（分数： 60.00 ）正确答案： （） 解析：美国教育委员会报告,美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了 越来越大的差距。 根据美国教育委员会关于高校少数民族学生状况年度报告,20年前, 30%
11、的男性黑人中学毕业生 （18-24 岁） 进入大学,与此相比,同龄女性黑人是 28%,男性白人是 41%。 现在,男性黑人的大 学入学率上升为 37%,而女性黑人为 42%,男性白人为 44.5%。这就是说,虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20 年前有了提高,但是其他群体的入学增长率却更高,而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。 男性黑人的毕业 率也低于任何其他群体。 1996年,进入大学的男性黑人只有 35%在 6年内完成学业毕业,相比之下,在同 年入学者中,男性白人的毕业率是 59%,西班牙 （ 或墨西哥 ） 裔男性是 46%,印第安人男性是 41%,女性黑人 是 45%。 ） 各项调查和报告都显示,
12、美国的教育机制对男性黑人是不利的。有色人种学生只有不到1/5 在中学毕业时,能在成绩报告单上获得完成大学预科课程的记录,用以“证明具备基本读写能力”这是 “符合上大学条件”的基本要求。 另一个突出的问题是,黑人男性往往被过多地贴上不守纪律和行为不当 的标签,因而常常受到开除和停学处分而被早早地逐出中学的校门。 美国教育委员会的威廉哈维说,问题似乎还不止这些。联邦专项教育补助基金实际上已经枯竭，而学费却在上涨，这样一来，低收入学生要完 成4 年的学业，必须获得平均 2万美元的贷款。 哈维说，“对于经济条件较差的学生来说，能不能得到财 政帮助决定着谁能进入大学、谁不能进入大学。”哈维指出，联邦基金
13、的流向在过去几十年里发生了“彻 底逆转”： 20 年前的补助信贷比是 70%比 30%，现在的比数恰好前后掉过来。“和过去相比，一位18 岁的男青年更有可能说，我希望现在口袋里有钱，所以想先找一份工作干，”哈维补充道。“但多数是 先贷款，当非全日制学生，每周打 20 多个小时的工，结果用 5年的时间读完 4 年制的大学。” 如果考查 一下那些能读完中学、继而读完学士甚至硕士的黑人男性，那么，这种教育机制的弊端就特别清楚地表现 出来。 根据最近公布的一项人口普查报告，不论持有中学文凭还是大学文凭，黑人男性的薪水要比白人男 性的薪水低大约 25%。 采分点解析 1. There is an eve
14、r-widening gap between black male college enrollees and their female and white counterparts ， says the American Council on Education （ACE）. 美国教育委员会报告，美国黑人男性的大学入学率与黑人女性及白人男性的大学入学率之间出现了越来越 大的差距。分析理解表达采分点。gap,这里表示“差距”。counterpart原指“相似的人或物，这 里应该指“相同的入学者”。2So while there are more black males enrolling in
15、 college today than20 years ago ， other groups have outstripped them in enrolling and， even more importantly ， inretention rates. 这就是说，虽然男性黑人的大学入学率比之 20 年前有了提高，但是其他群体的入学增 长率却更高，而且更重要的是在巩固率方面。 分析 理解表达采分点。 介词短语 in retention rates 可 以翻译成“在巩固率方面”。 groups 指“群体”。 3Only 35 percent of black males enrollees
16、graduated within six years from colleges in 1996， compared with 59 percent of white males ， 46 percent ofHispanic men ， 41 percent of American Indian males and 45 percent of the black women who entered the same year. 1996 年，进入大学的男性黑人只有35%在 6年内完成学业毕业，相比之下，在同年入学者中，男性白人的毕业率是 59%，西班牙（或墨西哥 ）裔男性是 46%，印第安人男性是 41%，女性黑人是 45%。 分 析 理解结构采分点。 句中的 Only 35 percent of black males enrollees graduated within six years fr
