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1、名词性从句一、 课前热身l Life is like a box of chocolate. You never know what youre going to get.（宾语从句）l You are too concern with what was and what will be. There is a saying, yesterday is history , tomorrow is a mystery , but today is a gift , that is why it is called present .（宾语从句和表语从句）l What makes the dese
2、rt beautiful is that somewhere it hides a well. (主语从句和表语从句)沙漠之所以美丽，是因为在它的某个角落隐藏着一口井。l I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.I have a dream that one day on the red hills
3、 of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.（同位语从句）我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等。”我梦想有一天，在乔治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟二、语法讲解名词性从句的定义在复合句中具有名词作用并做主语，表语，宾语和同位语的从句叫名词性从句。种类作用常用关联词例句
4、主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后It looks as if it is going to sno
5、w.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game.同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，只起连接作用what，which什么
6、，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who，whom，whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when，where，how，why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作定语whichever=any one that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语1.
7、主语从句在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us h
8、ow he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句2.
9、 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it
10、 is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 宾语从句在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。（1）. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词tha
11、t引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request,
12、 command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。（2）. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用
13、陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。(3).think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我
14、们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。(4). 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：He tells me that he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）It is heard that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）He says that he has studied En
15、glish since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。三、 重难点一.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、
