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1、晶体结构(struetureofcrystal)原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子量Atomicweight键能Bondingenergy共价键Covalentbond电子构型electronicconfiguration正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogenbond同位素Isotope摩尔Mole泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom分子量moleculeweight量子数quantumnumber范德华键vanderwaalsbond点群pointgroup各向异性anisotropy体心立方结构body-center
2、edcubic(BCC)布拉格定律braggslaw晶体结构crystalstructure晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary鲍林规则PaulingsrulesCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure岛状结构Islandstructure层状结构Layerstructure滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lat
3、tice密勒指数millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子数Atomicnumber波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel库仑力Coulombicforce分子的构型molecularconfiguration负电的Electronegative基态Groundstate离子键Ionicbond金属键Metallicbond分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable极性分子Polarmolecule价电子valenceelectron电子轨道electronorbitals对称要素symmetryelements原子堆积因数atomicpackingf
4、actor(APF)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)配位数coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)NaCl型结构NaCltypestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates链状结构Chainstructure架状结构Frameworks
5、tructure叶蜡石pyrophyllite石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy晶格参数latticeparameters非结晶的noncrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal电位electronstates电子electrons金属键metallicbonding极性分子polarmolecules衍射角diffractionangle粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)四方的tetragona
6、l配位数coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)价valence共价键covalentbonding离子键Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)重量百分数weightpercent单斜的monoclinic晶体结构缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)缺陷defect,imperfection线缺陷linedefect,dislocation体缺陷volumedefect位错线dislocati
7、online螺位错screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,位错阵列dislocationarray位错轴dislocationaxis位错爬移dislocationclimb位错滑移dislocationslip位错裂纹dislocationcrack位错密度dislocationdensity间隙原子interstitialatom间隙位置interstitialsites弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder主晶相thehostlattice缔合中心AssociatedCenters.电子空穴ElectronHoles克罗各
8、-明克符号KrogerVinknotation固溶体solidsolution化合物compound置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening点缺陷pointdefect面缺陷interfacedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement刃位错edgedislocation混合位错mixeddislocation大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries孪晶界twinb
9、oundaries位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错胞dislocationcell位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位错阻尼dislocationdamping原子错位substitutionofawrongatom晶格空位vacantlatticesites杂质impurities肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder错位原子misplacedatoms自由电子FreeElectrons伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutralatom固溶度solidsolubility间隙固溶体inter
10、stitialsolidsolution金属间化合物intermetallies转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolidsolution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound表面结构与性质(structureandpropertyofsurface)表面surface同相界面homophaseboundary晶界grainboundary小角度晶界lowanglegrainbo
11、undary共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary错配度mismatch重构reconstuction表面能surfaceenergy扭转晶界twistgrainboundary共格界面coherentboundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary应变能strainenergy惯习面habitplane界面interface异相界面heterophaseboundary表面能surfaceenergy大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary晶界迁移grainboundarymigration驰豫relaxation表面吸附surfaceadsorpt
12、ion倾转晶界titltgrainboundary倒易密度reciprocaldensity半共格界面semi-coherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation非晶态结构与性质(structureandpropertyofuncrystalline)熔体结构structureofmelt玻璃态vitreousstate粘度viscosity介稳态过渡相metastablephase淬火quenching玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses过冷液体supercoolingmel
13、t软化温度softeningtemperature表面张力Surfacetension组织constitution退火的softened体积收缩volumeshrinkage扩散(diffusion)活化能activationenergy浓度梯度concentrationgradient菲克第二定律Fickssecondlaw稳态扩散steadystatediffusion扩散系数diffusioncoefficient填隙机制interstitalcymechanism短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion下坡扩散Downhilldiffusion扩散通量diffusionfl
14、ux菲克第一定律Ficksfirstlaw相关因子correlationfactor非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion跳动几率jumpfrequency晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion上坡扩散uphilldiffusion互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion渗碳剂carburizing浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile驱动力drivingforce自扩散self-diffusion空位扩散vacancydiffusion扩散方程diffusionequation扩散特性diffusionproperty达肯方程Darkequat
15、ion本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect离子电导率Ion-conductivity浓度梯度concentrationgradient扩散流量diffusionflux间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion表面扩散surfacediffusion扩散偶diffusioncouple扩散机理diffusionmechanism无规行走Randomwalk柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient空位机制Vacancyconcentration腐蚀与氧化(corrodingandoxidati
16、on)氧化反应Oxidationreaction还原反应Reductionreaction价电子Valenceelectron腐蚀介质Corrodingsolution电动势Electricpotential推动力Thedrivingforce腐蚀系统Corrodingsystem腐蚀速度Corrosionpenetrationrate电流密度Currentdensity电化学反应Electrochemicalreaction极化作用Polarization过电位Theovervoltage浓差极化Concentrationpolarization电化学极化Activationpolarization极化曲线Polarizationcurve缓蚀剂Inhibitor原电池galvaniccell电偶腐蚀galvaniccorrosion电位序galvanicseries应力腐蚀Stresscorrosion冲蚀Erosion-corrosion腐蚀短裂Corrosioncrac
