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1、考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Although the number of reported volcanic eruptions has risen exponentially since 1850, this indicates not increasing volcanic activity but rather more widespread and _ record keeping.问题1选项A.systematicB.erraticC.superficialD.abating【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项systematic“系统的，体系的”，
2、B项erratic“不稳定的，古怪的”，C项superficial“表面的，肤浅的”，D项abating是abate的现在分词，表示“使减少，使缓和”。空格处需要填入一个和widespread并列的形容词，D项可排除；根据record keeping（记录保存），结合其他三个选项的意思可知，只有A项是符合语境的。句意：虽然自1850年以来，报告的火山爆发次数呈指数级增长，但这并不表示是火山活动的增加，而是更广泛和更系统的记录保存。因此，该题选择A项。2. 单选题He was very plucky in dealing with the intruders.问题1选项A.timidB.brav
3、eC.shyD.nervous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，B项brave“勇敢的，无畏的，表现勇敢的”，C项shy“害羞的，畏缩的”，D项nervous“神经的，紧张不安的”。句意：他在对付闯入者时非常勇敢。根据句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，该题选择B项。3. 单选题In spite of the rain, the _ spectators waited patiently for the delayed start of the game.问题1选项A.industriousB.ingeniousC.chaoticD.assiduo
4、us【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项industrious“勤奋的，勤劳的”，B项ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的，精制的”，C项chaotic“混沌的，混乱的”，D项assiduous“兢兢业业的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（观众）和the delayed start of the game（被推迟的比赛开始）可知，当时的现场应该是“混乱的”，C项符合。句意：尽管下着雨，但是混乱的观众耐心地等待着被推迟的比赛开始。因此，该题选择C项。4. 单选题Stadiums and gymnasiums are just some of the towns local _.问题1选
5、项A.amenitiesB.amendmentsC.ameliorationsD.amusements【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项amenity“生活福利设施，便利设施”，B项amendment“（法律、文件的）改动，修改”，C项amelioration“改进，改善”，D项amusement“消遣，娱乐”。由stadiums（体育场）和gymnasiums（体育馆）可知，A项符合。句意：体育场和体育馆只是镇上的一些地方设施。因此，该题选择A项。5. 单选题The difference between the polar and equatorial diameters of Mars
6、has not been unequivocally determined.问题1选项A.definitelyB.arithmeticallyC.polemicallyD.copiously【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。题干unequivocally“明确地，毫不含糊地”。A项“确切地，明确地”，B项“算术上”，C项“争论地”，D项“丰富地；充裕地”。所以选A。句意：尚未明确确定火星的极地直径与赤道直径之间的差异。6. 单选题The building is a great success, _ a triumph, for the designer.问题1选项A.namelyB.or rat
7、herC.andD.particularly【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。A项namely“也就是，即是”，B项or rather“更精确地说，倒不如说”，C项and“和”，D项particularly“异乎寻常地，特别是”。由success（成功）和triumph（胜利）可知，这两个意思相近，success强调结果，triumph强调过程和动作，所以空格处填入B项更符合句子语境。句意：对于设计者来说，这座建筑是一个巨大的成功，或者更确切地说是一个胜利。因此，该题选择B项。7. 单选题Despite the _ of her busy afternoonshomework, carpooli
8、ng, dinner preparationshe strives to maintain an inner sense of order and calm.问题1选项A.enigmaB.turbulenceC.labyrinthD.precariousness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项enigma“谜，不可思议的东西”，B项turbulence“骚乱，动荡，混乱”，C项labyrinth“迷宫”，D项precariousness“不安全，不稳定”。由后面的句子she strives to maintain an inner sense of order and calm（她努力保持
9、内心的秩序和平静），结合despite（尽管）可知，“混乱”符合语境。句意：尽管下午很忙：家庭作业，拼车，准备晚餐，但她努力保持内心的秩序和平静。因此，该题选择B项。8. 单选题Janet _ her sister for eavesdropping on her phone calls. “Stay out of my love life,” she chided.问题1选项A.upbraidedB.begrudgedC.underlinedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“责骂”，B项“嫉妒”，C项“强调”，D项“盘问；审问”。结合句意：Janet 姐姐偷听她的电话。
10、“别插手我的爱情生活，”她斥责道。所以选A项。9. 单选题The Experimental Psychology Society tries to improve scientific communications among experimental psychologists and those working in _ fields.问题1选项A.cognateB.congenialC.congenitalD.cognitive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项cognate“同源的，同类的”，B项congenial“意气相投的，性格相似的”，C项congenital“先天的，天生的
11、”，D项cognitive“认知的，认识的”。空格处修饰的词语是field（领域），由此可知，B、C项是修饰人的，故排除；根据improve scientific communications among experimental psychologists and those working in _ fields（改善实验心理学家和在领域工作的人之间的科学交流）可知，A项更符合。句意：实验心理学协会试图改善实验心理学家和在相同领域工作的人之间的科学交流。因此，该题选择A项。10. 单选题By todays standards, early farmers were imprudent be
12、cause they planted the same crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.问题1选项A.unwiseB.stubbornC.tiresomeD.unscientific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，轻率的”，B项stubborn“顽固的，顽强的”，C项tiresome“烦人的，无聊的”，D项unscientific“不科学的，不符合科学原理的”。句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们重复种植同一种作物，几次收获后就耗尽了土壤。根据句意可知，imp
13、rudent在句中表示“轻率的”。因此，该题选择A项。11. 单选题Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights
14、Entertainments. If were respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existencethat petty fears and petty pleasure are but the sh
15、adow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law
