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1、初中英语同义词辨析 英语学习过程中经常遇到同义、近义词的辨析，这是英语学习的难点之一，也是中考考点之一，现在把自己整理的一些初中常见的同义近义词的辨析放在这里，和朋友们交流，也供学生朋友选择学习 。1、talk tell speak sayspeak 和 talk 通常用作不及物动词，都有“说话”之意。在会议上发言用 speak，名词为speech；随便漫谈用talk，其名词还是 talk；tell表示“讲述”或“告诉”；say表示“说”；例如：can we speak about plans for the holidays? 我们谈谈假期的打算好吗？the patient is too w
2、eak to speak. 病人太衰弱了，不能说话。 my father was talking with my teacher when i got home yesterday。昨天我到家时我父亲正在和我的老师谈话。i always tell my daughter a story before she goes to sleep. 女儿睡觉之前，我总讲故事给她听。 its impossible to tell who will win the next election. 下届选举谁能获胜无法预知。 she said nothing to me about it. 关于这一点，她什么也没
3、有对我讲。 *speak 当及物动词用时，宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如:does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗？ 2、good well nicegood 形容词，好的，合适的，新鲜的，擅长的。well 作形容词时，指(身体）健康的”；还可用作副词，修饰动词。nice形容词，美好的，令人愉快的，可爱的，特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。she is a nice little girl.
4、她是个可爱的小姑娘。3、look see watch read 看look通常为不及物动词，强调“看”的动作，指“认真看”，强调看的对象时，后须接介词at才能带宾语，即look at。see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见，看到”watch 作动词，意为“观看，注视”，多指观看运动着的事物，如电视、比赛、表演等。read 主要强调“读，阅读，朗读”，汉语中常译成“看”，多指看书、报、杂志。look！the man is coming！看！那个男的来了。look at the map .看这张地图。can you see the dog over there？你能看见那儿的狗吗？the child
5、ren are watching the stars。孩子们在看星星。read a/ the book 看书一、maybe, probably , perhaps “可能,也许, 或许” , 表示说话人的猜测. maybe 一般用于句首或句末. perhaps 常用于句首或句中. probably 一般用于句中, 不用于句首. 但, probably比perhaps 或maybe 表达的可能性大一些. eg: Maybe/ Perhaps Im wrong . 或许我错了. ( 也可能没错)Im probably wrong . 我很有可能错了. Im perhaps wrong. 我也许错了
6、. ( 也可能没错) 另外, 表示 “ 可能, 也许” 还可以用情态动词may 表达. eg: Maybe he is right. = He may be right. 他也许是对的. Perhaps theyll go on a picnic this Sunday. = They may go on a picnic this Sunday.他们也许这个周日去野餐. 二、few , a few , little , a little 1. few , a few 修饰可数名词. little , a little 修饰不可数名词. Eg: There are a few mistakes
7、 in my composition. 我的作文里有几处错误. There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水了. 2. few 和little 的含义是否定的.表示 “ 很少” 或 “ 几乎没有” . a few 和 a little 的含义是肯定的. 表示 “ 少数几个” 或 “ 有一点儿” eg: Im new here, so I know few friends. 我是新来的, 所以朋友很少. Weve just borrowed a few books about Olympic Games . 我们刚刚借了几本关于奥运会的书. There
8、s little time to think about it. 没有时间考虑了. I only had a little porridge for lunch today. 我中午只喝了一点儿粥. 3. 当有only , quite 等词时, 只能用 a few 和a little . We can see only a few trees there. 我在那儿只能看见几棵树. There is only a little bread in the fridge.冰箱里只有一点儿面包了. 注: quite a few = many 表示数量很多. Eg: I made quite a fe
9、w friends when I was in Beijing . 我在北京时, 交了许多朋友. 三、each , every 都是 “ 每个” 的意思, 后面接可数名词. 可以通用, 但二者又有不同. 1. each 强调个体, every着重强调整体. Eg: Each student has got a new dictionary. 每个学生各有一本新词典. Every student has got a new dictionary. 每个学生都有一本新词典. ( 在这里 every student 相当于all the students)2. each 用于指两个或两个以上的人或物
10、. every 用于指三个或三个以上的人或物. There some trees on each side of the street. 街道的每一侧都有一些树. ( each side = both sides, each 在本句中不能用every 代替)You look more beautiful each/ every time I see you. 我每次看到你, 你都看起来更漂亮. 3. each 还可以作代词, each of +复数名词或代词, 谓语动词仍用单数. 但every 不能这样用. every 是形容词. Each of the students has got a
11、new book. =Every one of the students has got a new book. 每个学生各有一本新书. Each of them likes light music . = Every one of them likes light music. 他们每个人都喜欢轻音乐. 注: 以上两句还可以这样表达: The students each have got a new book . 或 The students have got a new book each . They each like light music. 或 They like light mu
12、sic each. 四、when , while 和as1. when 可以表示一段时间, 从句中的谓语动词用延续性的动词, 此时可用while 替换. When/ While they were swimming in the river , it suddenly began to rain . 当他们在河里游泳时, 天突然下雨了. When 还可以指一个时间很短的动作发生时, 另一个动作或情况也在发生或存在. 从句中的谓语动词用非延续性的动词. 这时, 不能用while 替换. 但可以用as . Mother was watering the garden when / as came
13、home yesterday. 昨天, 我回家时, 妈妈在花园浇花儿 . 2. while 表示一段时间或一段过程. 相当于during the time 强调主从句的动作同时发生. 从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词. 这时可以用when 或as 替换. While we were talking happily Lily hurried in . 正当我们高兴地交谈时, 莉莉匆匆忙忙地进来了. 注: while 还可以表示两个同类的动作进行对比. 意思是 “而” . Mr. King likes country life while Mrs. King likes city life.金先生
14、喜欢乡村生活, 而金夫人喜欢城市生活. 3. as 强调主从句的动作同时发生, 尤其指短时间的动作同时发生. As I getting on the bus , I heard some one calling my name. 正当我要上车时, 听见有人在叫我的名字.五、between, amongbetween 和among 都是介词, between 通常用于两者, 意思是 “ 在两者之间” , among 则用于三者或三者以上, 意思是 “ 在当中” . 但是表达三者或三者以上的人或事物中两两之间的关系时, 用between. Eg: I always sit between Mum
15、and Dad when we take photos. 拍照时, 我总是坐在爸爸和妈妈中间. They found a pear among the apples. 他们在那些苹果中发现了一个梨. Therere many flowers between the trees . 这些树之间有许多花. ( 每两棵树之间都有花. )六、among , in the middle of among的意思是 “ 在当中” , 并不是表示在正中间, 有时有one of 的意思. 而in the middle of 的意思是 “ 在的中间” , 不偏不倚. Eg: The teacher is sitting among his students. 老师正坐在他的学生之间. (不一定坐在中间, 但是与学生们
