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1、宾语从句、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。I know whoheis.主语 谓语 连词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句Do you have the timeIknowhim.主语谓语宾语宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：I know him.I thi nk (that) she is beautiful.Why don t you pay attention to me宾语从句的概念： 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词、形容词之后。We know Mr Gree n teaches En gl
2、ish.She asked if these an swers were right.二、宾语从句分类：根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wan ted to stay at home. She does n t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.that的省略：.I guess (that) somebody else has borrow
3、ed it.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。eg. I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better .2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are wait ing foeHe asked whose han dwrit
4、ing was the best.Can you tell me where the bus stop isI don t know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/ whether是否，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with usAsk him whether (if) he can come .I w
5、on der whether it is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here只用whether的情况：1. 在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：主语从句 ：Whether it is true remains a question.Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表语从句： The question is whether it is true .(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。Whether he will come I a
6、m not sure.)The questi on whether he will accept it con fuses us.2. 用在动词不定式之前时 (whether to do sth.):They asked me whether to go skating.I don t know whether to go there at once.3. 当与 or not 连用，或 or 提岀两种选择时 :I don t know whether he s free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell
7、 me whether you d like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 在介词或discuss后面：I m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop. 注意：只能用if不能用 whether的情况1. 引导条件状语从句If he runs fast, he ll get there on time.I ll go to see you if I have time.2. 弓丨导否定的宾语从句Tell me if it
8、is not going to rain, please.if / whether用法巧记：两个是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or (not)。作为讨论介词宾，此时if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表如果”，再也不可用whether。宾语从句若否定，whether 一词不可用。练习：选择 if / whether 。1. I asked hershe had a bike. 2. We re worried abouthe is safe.3. I wonderhe is well.4. I don t knowor not he
9、 is well.5. I don t knowto go.三、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变:What s wrongWhat s the matterWhat s happening Who is over thereI don t know what s the matte
10、r.Can you tell me who is over there Can you tell me who he is注意：否定前移 若主句谓语动词为 think, guess， imagine， suppose,believe 等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义， 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。 主句是 I/We think/suppose/guess/believe 等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。 如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：I think Tom can not swim.正：I don t think Tom can swim.此外，
11、 上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句， 如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则 附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong, isn t heHe thinks he is right, doesn t he(1) I don t think he is righ_t, t heheI t I(2) . He believes she is right, theheshe t she否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法： 我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。I dont think this dress fits you well, do
12、es it 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗I dont believe you will finish the work today ， will you 我认为你今天无法完成工作 , 是吗四、时态1. 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago .I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2. 如果主句是过去的时态(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某 种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去
13、完成时)I knew who lived there.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back the next day.He said that he had seen the movie .3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the ea
14、rth moves around the sun.Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.练习：1. The radio says it cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything well.(go)3. I hear they (return) it already.4. He said that they members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun in the east.
15、 (rise)宾语从句巧记法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。1. 时态问题 时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去， 客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。2. 引导词问题引导词 , 并不难，主句含义最关键。 主表肯定意完整， that 常用也可省。 主表疑问不确定，另类词 , 要使用。 从句句意若完整， if/whether 不可省。 从句若是缺成分，特殊 (疑 )问词来过问。3. 语序问题 还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。 如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前 重点：1. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；Do you know how old is she (应改为：how old she is)2. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。She didn t tell me when she will come. ( 应改为： when she would come)3. 转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替 代，进行句型上的转换。I ve no idea what we re going
