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1、定语从句一、定义 1定语从句：定语从句在句中相当于一个名词，起定语作用，修饰名词、代词或主句。定语从句一般紧 跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：Q连接功能：引导一个定语从 句；Q指代功能：代指先行词；Q语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分。关系词依其在定语从句中的 功能，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等:关系副词有 when, where, why 等。The mau fwho is shaking hands with my fa
2、ther) is 呂 poEceman.先聞慧词定语从句该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, who是引导定语从句的 关系词，代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。匕匕 F 厶冃 、 功、词 法系 代功肓主语宾语表语定语指人指物二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句起限定作用,是主句不可缺少的部分,与先行词之间无逗号:翻译时常译成前置定语 Those who want to go, please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这
3、儿签名。2. 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,省去后不影响主句的意思,并且常用逗号与主句隔开:翻译时常 译成并列的分句。A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 这张纸条是约翰留的,他刚才来过这儿。 请看下面例句的不同含义： 限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.(Maybe s
4、he has other sons who are not P.L.A. men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。She has two sons，who are P.L.A. men. (She has only two sons. They are both P.L.A. men.)关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时，which可以指主句的全部内容，也可以是部分内容，从句 只能位于先行词后。Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect.Any way, that
5、evening, which Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place三、关系代词的用法1. who在从句中作S或O 作O时可省略。练习 1 He has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.练习 2 He laughs last laughs best.练习 3 The boy she loved died in the war.2. whom在从句中作O,与who通用，可省略。当作介词O并将介词提前时，只能用whom,且不能省略。练习 4 S
6、he brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.练习 5 He had a lot of friends, only a few of invited to his wedding.例题 1 （2008 高一上学期期中昆明一中）33. The woman he has been married was a doctor.A. whoseB. whomC. to whomD. with whom例题 2 （2008 高一上学期期中昆明一中）35 The football team has fifteen membe
7、rs, is 25 years old.A. some of whomB. all of whomC. both of whomD. the oldest of whom例题3 （2011高一上学期期中昆明一中）40. Do you know the man ?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. which在从句中作S或O,作O时可省略。当作介词O并将介词提前时，不能省略。练习 6 A plane is a machine can fly.练习 7 The car my brother bought is b
8、eautiful.练习 8 This is the room Lu Xun used to live in.练习 9 This is the room in Lu Xun used to live.例题 1 （2011 高一上学期期中昆明一中）37. I still remember the days we spent in the summer camp twoyears ago.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. where例题 2 （2012 高一上学期期中昆明一中）10. Is this the factory a lot of students visited yest
9、erday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom4. that在从句中作S或O，作O时可以省略，但不能放在介词后面作介词O，此时应用whom或which.（1）指人练习 10 The old man I visited yesterday is my teacher.指物练习 11 The bag lies on the ground is hers.例题 1 （2009 高一上学期期中昆明一中）22. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited threemonths ago?A. whenB. whereC.
10、 thatD. what例题 2 （2012 高一上学期期中昆明十中）23.Do you know the difficulty he had the work?A. on finishingB. to finishC. finishingD. having finished例题 3 （2013 高一上学期期中昆明外国语学校）This is the factory I visited last week.A. what B. that C. where D. it5. whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语，但有时只能用of which或of whom。练习 12 I saw
11、 a woman bag was stolen.练习 13 She lives in a room, the windows face south.例题 l（2009 高一上学期期中昆明三中、滇池中学）33. Here is my classmate bicycle was lost yesterday.A. hisB. thatC. whoseD. which例题 2 （2012 高一上学期期中昆明一中）15. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gainweight quickly.A. whoseB. whatC
12、. whichD. thatwhose 引导的定语从句 先行词在从句中作定语, 先行词既可指人也可指物 whose 后肯定有它所修饰的名词.练习 14 Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey,days are limited, is full of difficulties. （ 2008 安徽六校高三联考）A. whoseB. thatC. itsD. whom练习 15 I visited the scientist name is known all over the world .A. whoseB. thatC. itsD. whom6
13、. as引导定语从句的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一部分或整个句子。此种定语从句可以位于句首、句中，也可 位于句尾。位于句首时不用 which 引导。练习 16 He married Mary, was natural练习 17 he realized, I was very useful to him.练习 18 Oxygen, we know, is a gas.练习 19 He is from the south, we can see from his accent.例题 1 （2011 高一上学期期中昆明一中）39. is often the case, we hav
14、e worked out the production plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. Asas引导的非限制性定语从句有时类似插入语，译为“正如、就像”，which却没有。常见的句式有as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above 等。练习20 is known to all, China is a developing country.练习21 _ we know smoking is harmful to ones health.（2）引导限制性定语从句，多位于the sameas, the same a
15、s, suchas, soas, asas中。练习 22 I have got into the same trouble he .练习 23 There are as many dictionaries are needed.所需要的字典都有了。练习 24 Such women know Tom thought he was charming.练习 25 I have never heard such stories he tells.练习 26 We are facing the same problems we did years ago.练习 27 This is the same wallet I lost.7. 修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分（1）只能使用that的情况：q当先行词即有人又有物时；练习 28 The wri
