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1、定语从句授课人：Prof. WoodenPart 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句(1) 定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。(3) 关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。will never forge t the girl (先行词)that (关系词)I met yes terday in the street (定语从句).定语从句两个必须先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；先行词所作的成分必须空缺。Part 2关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用that人/物
2、主语、宾语、表语which物/事主语、宾语、表语关系代词who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as人/物/事情主语、宾语、表语1.关系代词that的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1）This is the fac tory that produces cars.（作主语，扌旨物）2）The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. （作主语,指人）3）The film （that） we saw yesterday is interesting. （作宾语，扌物）关系代词that
3、的特权和禁区1. 特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。2. 禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。（1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）；（2）介词提前时。2.关系代词which的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1）China is a country which has a long history.（作主语）2）The car （which） my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
4、 作 宾语）只用that不用which的情况：（1）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。This is the best book that I have ever read.(2) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3) 先行词是 all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）I did all that I could do at that time.There was little tha
5、t the doctor could do for the patient.(4) 当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.(5) 先行词既有人又有物。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about主句已有疑问词who/ which时。Which is the book that you likeWho is the woman that was praised at the meetingWhic
6、h is the T-shirt that fits me most (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：(1) 当关系代词前有介词时。A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时。The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.(3)
7、一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个宜用whicho(4) 当先行词本身是that时。That which I had known about made them surprised.3. 关系代词who的用法 用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)1 know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语) 2)She is not the girl who she was.(作表语)4. 关系代词whom的用法用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代 替。1)
8、 Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.2) The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.关系代词who和whom的选择Mr. Smith is the very man who/whom you are looking for.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday5. 关系代词whose的用法 用法：可指人，也
9、可指物，在定语从句中作定语。1) This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指旨人)2) The room whose windows face the east is mine. (指物)关系代词whose的选择The man whose wallet was stolen called for the police for help.The boy whose father is a teacher has been admitted to Oxford University.The house whose
10、 windows are mostly broken belongs to my uncle.The tree whose branches are basically bare dates back to 200 years ago.6. 关系代词as的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在 the sameas,suchas,asas等句型中,as 不能省略。1) Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)2) 1 ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物
11、，作宾语)关系代词as的选择(1) 当先行词中有so, such等修饰语时；如：This is so good a book as I can hardly tear myself away from.Never promise such things as you can t achieve.This is so good a movieas we all wish to see.This is so good a movieitwe all wish to see it.(2) 当定语从句置于句首时；如：As is known to all, the earth travels aroun
12、d the sun once every year.As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.(3) 当先行词中有the same修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思 稍有不同。 如：This is the same shirt as I wore yes terday.这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意 思是说并不是同一件。)This is the same shirt that I wore yes terday.这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件 衣服。)The
13、students in New York are using the same textbooks _as we are using.关系代词的省略有两个条件：(1)限定性定语从句； (2)作宾语或表语。. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chanceof having heart disease than those don，t. (2006 北京高考)A. who ;不填B.不填；whoC. who ; whoD.不填；不填Part 3关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词所指在句中所作成分When时
14、间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语特别提醒：when, where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why 通常引导限定性定语从句。如：That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.That is the factory where I used to work.That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago.That is the reason why
15、 he was fired.（1）表示时间的先行词除了 time 之外，还有:day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, yea r 等；（2）表示地点的先行词除了 place之外，还可以是desk, table, spot, room, house, school, street, to wn, cou ntry 等。（3）表示原因的先行词一般只有reason 个。1. 关系副词使用的几种变化1）关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略； 2_在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which ”的结构。Tha t is the river where I used to swim. 关系畐U词）Tha t is the river that I used to swim .in. （that +介词后置）Tha t is the river I used to swim in.（省略）That is the river
