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1、2012届中考英语专题复习：被动语态【新课标考点分析】1.掌握被动语态的结构；2.掌握一般现在时态、一般过去时态以及一般现在时态含情态动词被动语态的用法。【新课标考点精讲】一、 被动语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。【口诀】动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做的不必要； 接受动作者要强调，用被动语态最为妙。如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动
2、句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、主动语态与被动语态结构表格时态名称主动语态被动语态标志性词语1一般现在时V/V单三am/is/are + Vp.p.always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, never, seldom2一般过去时Vp.Used to + VWould + Vwas/were + Vp.p.yesterday, the day before yesterday,ago,last week/month/year3一般将来时will/shall + Vam/is/are + going to + V
3、1) will/shall + be + Vp.p.2) am/is/are + going to + be + Vp.p.tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,next week/month/year,in time4现在进行时am/is/are + V-ingam/is/are + being + Vp.p.now, at the moment, at present,these days, nowadays5过去进行时was/were + V-ingwas/were + being + Vp.p.while/when/as , at that time6现在完
4、成时have/has + Vp.p.have/has + been + Vp.p.just, recently/lately, for, since,ever, never,up to/till now, so far，from then on7过去完成时had + Vp.p.had + been + Vp.p.before, by the end of , after8过去将来时would/should + Vwould / should + be + Vp.p.主要用于宾语从句9含有情态动词的句子must/can/may /should + Vmust/can/may/ should+ b
5、e+Vp.p.二.主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变，by+主语后面跟。1.All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.2.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are madeby themin the factory.注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。【其他口诀】 口诀一：宾变主，把“是（be）”补； 动词跟，变过（去
6、）分（词）； 时与数，“是”随主（语）； 时态随原句，莫变要记准 主语代词变宾格，成为by宾( 语)。 主语代词变宾格，成为by宾( 语)。口诀二：被动不离“be”与“p.p.”，主谓一致莫忘记， 句中时态要留意，“进行”易漏一个“being”.一主二宾三不变 谓语动词是关键三.特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)【口诀】如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .2).b
7、uy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb 2.主动语态中省略带to的动词在改被动后要加上to：如：He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.【口诀】含复合复宾变被动，只能宾变主。宾补变主补，置于be done后。复合宾语结构中“感官”，“使役”常使用。主动结构变被动，根据常规就不行，主动宾补是动原，变成被动则不然，原来宾
8、补成主补，省去的to要再现。主动句中含情动，变成被动很容易，情动，be加上“过去分”，其他成分别丢弃，原来带to要保留。若要熟悉运用它，必须经常来练习。真题讲解【2011广西南宁市】1.Trees_every year to make our city greener.A.plant B.are planted C.were planted D.will be planted答案：B【解析】被动语态的用法。根据句意“每年种很多树来使我们的城市更绿”，可知用被动语态，时间状语为every year，因此用一般现在时。故选B。2. Were very glad to know that a gre
9、at sports meeting_in Guiyang this September.A.will hold B.will be held C.will be hold答案：B【解析】这里考查的是将来时的被动语态的结构：will be+动词的过去分词。故选B。【2011天津】3.Today a lot of information can_ online.A.receive B.be received C.is received D.receiving答案：B【解析】被动语态。今天有很多信息能在网上收到，信息被收到要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。【201
10、1浙江宁波】4.There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people_.A. save B.saved C.are saved D.were saved答案：D【解析】动词语态。从前半句可以看出是一般过去时，根据后半句句意，有许多人被救出。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为waswere+动词的过去分词。主语many people是复数，故用were+过去分词。【2011山东聊城】5.As every one knows, rubbish_everywhere.A. need be thrown B. mustnt be throw
11、nC. cant throw D. may throw答案：B【解析】动词语态。垃圾rubbish和throw为被动关系，应用被动语态。排除C和D。句意为“每人都知道的，到处都禁止扔垃圾”。Mustt表禁止。故选B。2011年全国各地中考英语单项选择题分类汇总动词被动语态 【2011北京】1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause【2011上海】2. An official _ by some reporters on food
12、 problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed【2011天津】3. Today a lot of information can _ online.A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving【2011重庆】4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C.
13、were planted D. are planted【2011陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowedD. isnt allowed【2011安徽】6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.A. will keep B. has kept C. will be keptD. has been kept【2011山东】7. Its true that Shake
14、speares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen【2011广东】8. People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day.A. dont allow B. isnt allowed C. mustnt allow D. mustnt be allowed【2011江西省】9. What happened to Billy?He_because of his drink-driving.A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught【2011河北省】10. The Spring Festival in January or February.A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celeb
