《2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷80（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷80（附答案带详解）（19页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. Peo
2、ple can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. D.It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottl
3、e that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complet
4、e the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria.Negative reactions to transfusions
5、are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, a
6、ir bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. D.All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested f
7、or diseases, such as HIV (which cause AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.Storing the blood sometimes requires a free
8、zing process, to freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. D.To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. D.The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.1. According to this passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?2. Which sentence in pa
9、ragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?3. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT?4. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and newborns?5. What does the author imp
10、ly in the passage?问题1选项A.Every monthB.Every two monthsC.Every three monthsD.Every year问题2选项A.The first sentenceB.The second sentenceC.The third sentenceD.None of the above问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivity to donor leukocytesC.red-cell incompatibilityD.air bubbles in the blood问题4选项A.It is as rigorously t
11、ested as blood for adultsB.It is treated with radiant energyC.It is not treated differently from adultsD.It is not dangerous for children问题5选项A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous processB.Freezing blood destroys plateletsC.Clotting cannot be preventedD.Storing blood benefits mankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D
12、第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者
13、是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health），因此选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The greatest social
14、 change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to h
15、ave seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. D.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a
16、 paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and she is likely to take paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened
