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1、初中定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗
2、号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）2. which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train
3、station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3. who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom）
4、Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词 + which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This i
5、s the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which。例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为 a
6、ll， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或
7、物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which。例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that。例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which。例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs
8、to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a. 先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that。例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that。例如：Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我
9、们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the n
10、ight _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used t
11、o study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brot
12、hers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The
13、moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_
14、window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.
