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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines
2、. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum
3、to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are
4、already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human
5、supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA，“we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a d
6、ynamic world. Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers
7、lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots tha
8、t can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest
9、road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in（ ）.2. The word “gizmos” (Line 2，Paragraph 2) most probably means（
10、 ）.3. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can（ ）.4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also（ ）.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are（ ）.问题1选项A.the use of machines to produce science fictionB.the wide use of machines in
11、manufacturing industryC.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workD.the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work2. The word “gizmos” (Line 2，Paragraph 2) most probably means（ ）.问题2选项A.programsB.expertsC.devicesD.creatures3. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability
12、now is to design a robot that can（ ）.问题3选项A.fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.interact with human beings verballyC.have a little common senseD.respond independently to a changing world4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also（ ）.问题4选项A.make a few decisions for themselvesB.
13、deal with some errors with human interventionC.improve factory environmentsD.cultivate human creativity.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are（ ）.问题5选项A.expected to copy human brain in internal structureB.able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.far less able than hum
14、an brain in focusing on relevant informationD.best used in a controlled environment【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：人类的创造性最初表现在_。根据关键词“Human ingenuity”和“initially”可以定位到文章第一段开头Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous
15、, boring，burdensome, or just plain nasty.（从人类产生智慧初期至今，人们一直在设计越来越巧妙的工具来应付那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是肮脏的工作。），可知，C选项“发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作”，符合题意。由于讲的是最初的创造力，因此可以排除A选项“用机器来创作科幻小说”，B选项“制造业对机器的广泛使用”和D选项“精英人士对危险和枯燥的工作的巧妙的处理”。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。2.词义辨析题。题干：单词“gizmos”（第二段第一行）最有可能的意思是_。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句话As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.（由此引起的结果是，现代世界已经充斥着越来越多的智能_，尽管我们几乎都注意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳力。），然后作者提及到了“工厂机械手”、“自动柜员机”以及“机器人驾驶员”等等。由此我们可以认定这些设施都是对“gizmo”的举例和解释。而这几样东西具有一个共同的特征，即它们都
