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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great forthrightness and therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。forthrightness意为“坦率，直率”；intention意为“意图，目的”；instinct意为“本能，天性”；integrity意为“正直，诚实”；intensity意为“强烈
2、”。句意：市长是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政支持。2. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ）areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；competitive意为“竞争的，比赛的”；considerate
3、意为“考虑周到的，体贴的”；superficial意为“肤浅的，表面的”。由前面because引导的原因状语，可知好大学的学位意味着好更好的工作，故此推测教育领域具有竞争性，因此选B。句意：因为一所好大学的学位是获得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具竞争的领域之一。3. 单选题The eastern slopes of the Catskill Mountains are （precipitous）, but the western slopes decline more gradually.问题1选项A.erodedB.snowboundC.heavily forestedD.ext
4、remely steep【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。precipitous意为“陡峭的，险峻的”；eroded意为“被腐蚀的，毁坏的”；snowbound意为“被雪困住的，被雪封住的”；heavily forested意为“被密集/高密度的森林覆盖的”；extremely steep意为“非常陡峭，极其陡峭”。句意：卡兹基尔山脉的东坡很陡峭，但西坡逐渐下降。4. 单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would legitimize her long effort.问题1选项A.justi
5、fyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。legitimize意为“使合法化，证明为有理（或正当）”；justify意为“证明有理”；testify意为“作证”；rectify意为“改正，校正”；verify意为“核实，查对”。句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到确定所得到的结果可以证明自己长久以来的努力是有理由的。5. 翻译题我国高等教育大众化过程需要更加关注4个问题：理解高等教育规模扩大的本原，加强人文素质教育，平衡优秀与平等的关系，协调大学与政府、市场间的关系。所有这些都要以明析高等教育哲学的一个根本问题为前提，即大学的根本使命和目标如何定位的问
6、题。现代大学一定要使学生和公众都能够理解大学最终和最基本的使命是什么。大学不是提供获利的手段和就业单位的场所，而是要激发他们理性的光辉和力量，培养学生坚持长远地、全面地看待个人、社会与历史的发展所需要的能力。【答案】【参考译文】More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education: (1) how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education; (2) how to
7、reinforce liberal education; (3) how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence; and (4) how to harmonize the relationship between the university, the government and the market. All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate mission and goal of universities. Modern univer
8、sities must make students and the public understand their ultimate mission. A university is not a place where stratagems for profits and opportunities of employment are provided; rather, it should inspire students rationalistic potencies, cultivate their ability to look upon the development of indiv
9、iduals, society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.6. 单选题The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.问题1选项A.stings the eyesB.smells badC.causes itchingD.discolors the skin【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。stink意为“有臭味，有难闻的气味”；sting the eyes意为“刺眼”；smell bad意
10、为“难闻，刺鼻的怪味”；cause itching意为“引起瘙痒”；discolor the skin意为“使皮肤变色”。句意：臭鼬通过喷洒一种散发臭味的物质来保护自己免受敌人的攻击。7. 单选题The corporation expects only（ ）increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.问题1选项A.modestB.predictableC.dynamicD.expanding【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项modest“适度的，谦虚的”；B
11、选项predictable“可预言的”；C选项dynamic“动态的，动力的，有活力的”；D选项expanding“扩大的，扩展的”。句意：尽管用过去一年的时间去努力恢复零售市场，但是公司仅仅期盼业绩（ ）增长即可。题干中的despite表转折，因此空格所填单词应该与despite所引导的句子产生的结果相反，正常情况下，付出了努力必然期盼有回报，所以这里应填与increase意思相反的词汇。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Flood,（ ）and famine are natural disasters often facing the people in the peninsula.问题1选项A
12、.warB.sanctionC.overpopulationD.drought【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（ ）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论natural disasters自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。9. 翻译题为了全面实现小康社会，中国政府制定了强有力的平衡、平等发展的计划。经过多年的努力，中国已经形成政府为主、大家参与的扶贫模式。中国开发式扶贫工作遵行的是独
13、立自主、全面发展的道路。这不仅对促进国民经济的持续快速发展、社会稳定、民族团结发挥了重要作用，也为世界的反贫困事业做出了贡献。我们最终的目标是缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕。我们将进一步把减贫作为工作重点，大力推进发展与改革，努力为扶贫创造良好的环境。【答案】【参考译文】In order to realize a well-off society in an all-round way, the Chinese government has formulated a strong plan for balanced and equitable development. After ye
14、ars of efforts, China has formed a poverty alleviation model dominated by the government and participated by everyone. Chinas development oriented poverty alleviation work follows the path of independent and all-round development. This has not only played an important role in promoting the sustained
15、 and rapid development of the national economy, social stability and national unity, but also contributed to the worlds anti-poverty cause. Our ultimate goal is to alleviate and eliminate poverty and achieve common prosperity for all people. We will further focus on poverty reduction, vigorously promote development and reform, and strive to create a good environment for poverty alleviation.10. 单选题Frostbitten fingers and toes
