《2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷8（附答案带详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷8（附答案带详解）（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lighting and roaring thunder, are actually one of natures primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere. A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from t
2、he surface of the earth begin to rise. The pocket of warm air float upwards through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their heat is released above the condensation line through the formation of cumulus clouds.What will happen with
3、 these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter, the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of heat near the eart
4、hs surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter; when the temperature drops
5、more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude, cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud, or thunderhead.In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, howev
6、er, can appear in concert, and the resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a sq
7、uall line to begin when an advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall line, which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct
8、thunderheads, is a magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line often near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that serve as the source of tornadoes.1. The topic of the passage is（ ）.2. The wor
9、d mechanism in paragraph 1 most probably means（ ）.3. It can be inferred from the passage that, in summer, （ ）.4. Choose the drawing below that most closely resembles a squall line.5. All of the following are mentioned in the passage about supercells except that they（ ）.问题1选项A.the development of thun
10、derstorms and squall linesB.the devastating effects of tornadoes.C.Cumulus and cumulonimbus cloudsD.the power of tornados问题2选项A.machinesB.motionsC.methodsD.materials问题3选项A.there is not a great temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes.B.the greater temperature differential between
11、higher and lower altitudes makes thunderstorms more likely to occur.C.there is not much cold air which drops more slowly than it does in winter.D.the temperature of rising air drops more slowly than it does in winter.问题4选项A.B.C.D.问题5选项A.are of short duration.B.have circling winds.C.have extraordinar
12、y power.D.can give birth to tornadoes.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问文章主题。根据原文第一段“Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lighting and roaring thunder, are actually one of natures primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.”可知，雷暴带着锯齿状的
13、闪电和轰鸣的雷声，实际上是大自然把热量从地球表面转移到大气中的主要方式之一。此处引出话题Thunderstorm。后文又围绕Thunderstorm和squall line的形成进行了论述，故A项“雷雨和飑线的形成”符合题意。B项“龙卷风的毁灭性结果”和D项“龙卷风的威力”在文中并未提及，可排除；C项“积云和积雨云”只是在文中有所提及，不能作为文章主题。因此，本题正确答案为A项。2.词汇题。将mechanism定位到原文第一段，由“for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere”可知，雷暴是为了将热
14、量从地表转移到大气中，因此这是一种大自然的原始方式，故C项methods含义最接近。A项machine表示“机器”；B项motion表示“动作；移动；手势；议案”；D项material表示“材料”。3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere.”可知，积雨云的发生取决于大气温度。而根据“In summer, . the temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is muc
15、h more pronounced. As warm air rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter .”可知，较高与较低海拔之间的温差更显著。因此，A项“较高与较低海拔之间没有很大温差”表述错误。B项“较高与较低海拔之间较大的温差更可能发生雷雨”；C项“（夏天）没有太多的冷空气的温度下降得比冬天更快”以及D项“（夏天）上升空气的温度比冬天下降得慢”均与原文不符。故本题正确答案为B项。4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“A squall li
16、ne, which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, .”可知一条飑线可能长达数百英里，可容纳50个不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的说就是由于雷暴云中强烈上升气流到达对流层顶后，受到对流层顶（平流层下）强烈的水平气流作用而不能继续上升，从而向四周快速扩散，形成云砧。由于对流层顶温度很低，上升气流中凝结的水汽以冰晶形式存在，冰晶随风扩散，所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推测C项正确。A项图像应为“闪电”；B项图像应为“龙卷风”；D项图像应为“晴间多云”。5.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Within the squall li
