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1、2022-2023年考博英语-武汉大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11, 000 miles each ye
2、ar. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but
3、fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0. 1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of differen
4、t approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a countrys population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heavier drinkers would be
5、taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC
6、can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor
7、 vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in
8、the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverages will deter the excessive drinkers responsible for most fatalities is unclear. In part, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BACs involved in
9、 crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was
10、 a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs for those repeatedly arrested for drunken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash rates. Thus far, there is no firm evidence that Alcohol Safety Action Project supporte
11、d programs, in which rehabilitation measures are requested by the court, have decreased recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in
12、which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die.1.The author is primarily concerned with（ ） .2.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain（ ） .3.The author cites the British example in order to（ ） .4.The authors closing remarks can best be described as（ ） .问题1选项A
13、.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drank driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the large number of annual traffic fatalities问题2选项A.changed an existing law
14、to lower the BAC level which defined driving while intoxicatedB.made it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks问题3选项A.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deter dr
15、unk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcement of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce traffic deathsC.show that the problem of drunk driving is worse in Britain than in the U. S.D.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws问题4选项A.ironicB.indignantC.i
16、ndifferentD.indecisive【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. The author is primarily concerned with _. 1. 作者主要关注_。A. interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalities A. 解释交通事故死亡调查结果B. reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk driving B. 评论管制酒后驾驶的成效C. suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drank driving in the United
