《初中被动语态语法讲解-课堂教案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中被动语态语法讲解-课堂教案（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. ( )A new bridge will be built over the river. ( )英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。列表如下：一般现在时： + done一般过去时： + done一般将来时： + done过去将来时： + done现在进行时：am / is
2、 / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时： + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall /will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice in the south of the country.(2)The s
3、chool doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons 3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars .(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs .
4、4.现在完成时：(1)Someone has told methe sports meeting might be put off.I the sports meetingmight be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book here.(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmust hand inyour compositions after class.Your compositions after class.(2)Hecan writea great
5、many letters with the computer.A great many letters him.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr. White, the cup （break） after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in +名词作状语，而代替 by短语。
6、These cars were made in China.be made of、be made from(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）My auntinvitedmeto her dinner party.主语谓语宾语I to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语（2）The schoolset up a special class to help poor readers. in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动
7、词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer .2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.V + sb sth = sb be V-ed sthMy uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I on my birthday.如果把直
8、接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present me on my birthday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。(1) The book the class. (show)(2) My bike her. (lend)2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch,
9、find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。(1) A new skirt me. (make)(2) The meat us. (cook)(3) Some country music us.(play)3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。The p
10、atient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.及物动词+副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because o
11、f the bad weather4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom .(2) She told us to follow her instructions.We .注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存
12、在省略to的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He play the guitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.The question can be answered by nobody. ()The question .6.当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody,
13、 no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. （） .7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?Who was the story written? （） ?8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, cl
