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1、英语语法复习讲义一.宾语从句宾语从句是一种复合句，学习宾语从句， 首先要了解复合句。那么什么是复合句呢？由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句.即: 主句 (1个) + 从句 (1个或1个以上)我们已经学过的复合句有: 状语从句 、定语从句、宾语从句宾语从句的种类 宾语从句有三种：1.that引导的宾语从句(that可以省略) I hear (that) Mr. Li is having a meeting.2.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 Do you know when Jim was born ?3.if / whether (是否)引导的宾语从句 She wants to kn
2、ow if (whether) her father will come back tomorrow.宾语从句的结构问题：1. 在宾语从句中，从句必须是陈述结构。即: 从句可以是肯定句或否定句, 但不能是一般疑问句结构。 陈述结构 主语在前, 动词在后。 一般疑问句结构 动词在前, 主语在后。比较： Can you tell me where the hospital is ? Where is the hospital? He asked what they did last Sunday? What did they do last Sunday?Can you tell me if he
3、 lives? Does he live here？Do you know what the boys are doing? What are the boys doing?I want to know why you didnt come to school. Why didnt you come to school ? I wonder if he will come here tomorrow.Will he come here tomorrow?2. 在宾语从句中, 主句的动词如果是 think或believe, 那么从句的否定通常要转移到主句中。Jim cant swim, I th
4、ink. I dont think Jim can swim.Their team wont win, we believe.We dont believe their team will win.宾语从句的时态问题由于宾语从句是由主句和从句两部分组成的，因此就存在着两个时态的问题,即主句的时态和从句的时态.主句和从句的时态之间存在着一种相互制约的关系.这种制约关系可概括为以下两种情况：第一种情况：在宾语从句中,主句的时态如果是一般现在时或一般将来时,那么从句的时态可以不受限制.即：在宾语从句中,主句的时态如果是一般现在时或一般将来时,那么从句的时态可以不受限制.即：从句可以根据需要,使用任何
5、一种时态。第二种情况：在宾语从句中,主句的时态如果是一般过去时,那么从句的时态要受限制.即:从句要用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时这四种时态中的某一种。 如何把两个句子合并成宾语从句呢？把两个句子合并成宾语从句时,通常按下列步骤进行:一.根据从句的结构确定引导词:1. 作从句的那个句子如果是陈述句(肯定句或否定句), 那么就用that作引导词; 2. 作从句的那个句子如果是特殊疑问句, 那么就用特殊疑问词作引导词;3. 作从句的那个句子如果是一般疑问句, 那么就用if (whether)作引导词;二.根据主句的时态调整从句的时态:在组成宾语从句的时候, 如果主句的时态是一般过去
6、时, 那么从句的时态往往要作相应的变化。具体变化如下:从句原来的时态动词形式合并后的时态动词形式一般现在时动词用原形或三单形式一般过去时动词用过去式现在进行时am / is / are + v-ing过去进行时was / were + v-in一般将来是will + 动词原形am/is/are going to +动词原形过去将来是would + 动词原形was/were going to +动词原形现在完成时have / has + 过去分词过去完成时had + 过去分词现在完成进行时have / has been + V-ing过去完成进行时had been + V-ing按要求改变下列句
7、子的时态1.把下列句子改成一般过去时: He studies in No.9 Middle School. _. We dont like junk food. _. Does he live in this room? _. Is there a big tree over there? _.There arent any books in the box. _.2.把下列句子改成过去进行时: I am doing some washing. _. Are you cleaning your classroom? _. Jim isnt listening to the teacher. _
8、. What are they doing? _. Where is she going? _.3.把下列句子改成过去将来时: Hell go to the park next Sunday. _. We are going to have party this evening. _. They wont take part in the games. _. She isnt going to help me with my English. _. It will rain tomorrow. _. I am going to learn French next term. _.4.把下列句子
9、改成过去完成时:We have learned English for over two years. _. Jim has already finished his homework. _. He hasnt seen the movie yet. _. Have you ever been to America? _.三.调整句子的结构:1.作从句的那个句子如果原来就是陈述结构(肯定句或否定句),那么在合并成宾语从时就不必调整句子结构.2.作从句的那个句子如果原来是疑问句结构那么，在合并成宾语从句时就必须调整为陈述结构. 陈述结构 主语在前, 谓语动词在后.把下列句子调整为陈述结构:Whe
10、re does he live? _.Do you like English? _.How can I get to the station ?does he live? _.What did he do yesterday? _.Will he come back tomorrow? _.Why didnt Jim go there last Sunday? _.Are they having a good time now? _.What is she going to do this evening? _.How does he usually go to school? _.4.标点符
11、号问题: (1).如果主句是疑问句,就用问号. (2).如果主句是陈述句,就用句号.把下列句子合并成宾语从句:I dont know anything about it. He said_.Where do you live ? He asked me_.Do you like scuba diving ? She asked me_.We re having a party. She told us_.How can I get to the station? She asked the policeman_.We will go to the park tomorrow . He told me_
