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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse
2、can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looke
3、d at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback - a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary e
4、arner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home
5、partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that
6、 they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any b
7、etter.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen - and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future health care. Even
8、 demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent - and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance - have jumped eight fold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far
9、less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1.Todays doubl
10、e-income families are at greater financial risk in that （ ）2.As a result of Present Bushs reform, retired people may have（ ）3.According to the author, health-savings plans will （ ）4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）5.Which of the following is the best title for this text?问题1选项A.the
11、safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B.their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C.they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.D.they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.问题2选项A.a higher sense of security.B.less chance to invest.C.less secured paymen
12、ts.D.a guaranteed future.问题3选项A.help reduce the cost of healthcare.B.popularize among the middle class.C.increase the families investment risk.D.compensate for the reduced pensions.问题4选项A.financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.B.financial problems may bring about political problems.C.the m
13、iddle class may face greater political challenge.D.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.问题5选项A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class in ConflictC.The Middle Class on the Cliff.D.The Middle Class in Ruins.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问“现如今这种双收入家庭面临更大财务
14、危险的原因”。由原文前两段可知：由于经济原因，现在夫妻双方都要出去找工作。而以前，妻子一般在家操持家务，即使丈夫万一生病或失业了，妻子也可以出去找工作帮助家庭度过难关。但现在这种备选方案无用了，因此双收入家庭更容易受到家庭经济变化的影响。故本题正确答案为D选项。2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段可知，在去年的大多数时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变为一种储蓄存款账户模式，要求退休人员将大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入，对年轻家庭来说情况也好不到哪去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。所以，退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。故本题正确选项为C项。3.推理判断题。根据原
15、文第三段“.newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future health care”可知，医疗费用节约计划将增加家庭投资风险，可判断C项正确。A项和D项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。原文提到这个计划正在从上层立法院大厅到底层沃尔玛超市员工之间广泛开展，但并不能得出在中产阶级中
16、间得以推广，故B项不正确。因此本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问由最后一段可以看出什么。由最后一句“The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.”可知，作者认为（美国）经济已经开始滑落，那政治上的滑落应该也不远了。因此可以推断，作者认为经济问题可能会引发政治问题。故本题正确答案为B。5.主旨判断题。题干询问哪一项最适合作为文章题目。文章第一段介绍了中产阶层可能在几个月之内衰败成一个新的贫困家庭，后文随即介绍了造成这种现状的原因，所以本文主要讲述的是中产阶级面临穷困问题的现象。因此，本题正确答案为C
