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1、附录三 论文相关外文翻译The Summarizing of the Global Positioning SystemAbstractGlobal Positioning System is based on the background of the United States Department of Defense. It is designed, invested, developed, and operated by the United States Department of Defense, GPS is a satellite-based positioning and
2、time transferring GPS positioning function has a wide range of applications in the modern measuring and a more modern building. GPS-RTK technology is also widely used in modernization building, and now GPS has also been shown to be an interest of an important civilian communities, and increasingly w
3、ide range of application.Keyword: GPS Locating RTK Lay out Survey1 BackgroundThe 50s, the former U.S.S.R has not launched humanities first artificial earth satellite, the American scientists in along its track research in, had discovered the Doppler shift phenomenon, and has facilitated Doppler sate
4、llite navigation positioning system completing using this principle, has obtained the enormous success in the military and the civil aspect, was in a navigation localization history leap, our country once has also introduced many Doppler receiver, applied to the island association measured, the Eart
5、h explored and so on the domain. But because Doppler satellite orbit highly low, signal-carrier frequency low, the track precision enhances with difficulty, causes the pointing accuracy lowly, satisfies the geodetic survey or the project survey request, is more impossible to use in the astronomy Ear
6、th dynamics research. In order to enhance the satellite positioning the precision, US started from 1973 to prepare for construction global positioning system GPS (Global Positioning System).After has entered the plan proof, the system test stage, started in 1989 to launch the official work satellite
7、, and completely completed in 1994, investment use. The GPS system space artificially is composed by twenty one satellites, evenly distributes in six orbit, the ground level is 20,000 Kilometers, the inclination of orbit is 55, the flat heart rate approximately is 0, the week contract is 12 hours, t
8、he satellite to the earth launching two wave bands intelligence signals, the intelligence signal frequency respectively is 1575.442 mega cycles per second (the L2 wave band), on the satellite has installed the precision very high atomic clock, guarantees the frequency the stability, modulates in the
9、 carrier has the expression satellite position the broadcast star experience, use in the range finder C/A code and P yard, as well ad other system information, can in the global scope, to willfully multi-user provide the high accuracy, all-weather, is continual, real-time three dimensional measures
10、fast, the three dimensional localization and the time service.The GPS system control section by is located in the American foundations of the states 5 monitoring stations to be composed, these stand did not ask breaks Carries on the observation to GPS satellite, and will calculate and the forecast i
11、nformation by the infusion stands renews to the satellite information. The GPS system user is extremely covert, it is one kind of one-way system, the user only receives but does not need the transmitting message, and therefore users quantity also is not limited. The GPS is the unification starts is,
12、 but very quantity also is not limited. The GPS receiver and processing software emerge in abundance. At present the receiver which appears in the Chinese market mainly has ROGUE, ASHTECH, TRIMBLE, LEICA, SOKKIA,TOPCON and so on. Can carry on the observation to two frequencies the receiver to be cal
13、led the double frequency receiver, only can carryon the observation to a frequency the receiver to become the inference. Says regarding the mapping user, GPS has caused the revolutionary change in the mapping domain, at present, in the scope several thousand kilometers controls network, in the preci
14、sion from hundred to the millimeter level localization, generally all GPS took the first choice method, is day by day mature along with the RTK technology, GPS started to decimeter and even a centimeter level layout, domain seepage and so on high accuracy dynamic localization. The international GPS
15、geodetic survey served IGS with Earth dynamics from 1992, has established many data storage and the processing center in the whole world, year to year observed a station with hundred, our country has also set up Shanghai Yu Shan, Wuhan, Xian, Taiwan and so on many year to year measuring platforms st
16、ation, these stations observation data passed on every day through the internet net to US S data storage center, IGS also nearly real-time synthesizes various data processing center the result, and the participant international earth rotation served the IERS global coordinates reference system maintenance and the earth rotation parameter issue. The user also may free on-line obtain product and so on observation data and precise star experience from internet.
