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1、四级真题阅读长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中,我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较 多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。 理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型,理清句子成分,抓住句子中的关键部分。首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇:核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1. 从句:定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2. 并列结构3. 插入语4. 倒装5. 强调6. 省略:分词作定语,独立主格结构二、总结一一难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。2、如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语和宾语补足语(如有的话);然后
2、确定定语 和状语等次要成分,即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分,给出全句 大意(可用翻译法)。译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大,文理不 通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。3、如果是并列句,首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句;接着按照简单句的分析方 法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后将全句综合考虑。4、如果是复合句,首先找出从属连词并确定出主句,这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词 在句中的确切含义;接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意;然后确定从句 的性质,即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构;最后整体考虑全
3、句大意,尤其要注意对修饰语的 判断是否准确。1.Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Scott Hahn says。high-quality sustainablefind为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语 从句 which uses all-organi
4、c cotton 修饰的是 Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory 为 Scott Hahn 的同位语。【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人,他声称,高质量的可持续使用面料仍 然很难寻觅到。2.Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you re doing and what your customers ar
5、e used to,” he says. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Most designersare finding。there aren tused to为省略了 that的宾语从句。that引导 的定语从句 that can just replace修饰 fabrics。what 引导的两个宾语从句 what you re doing 和 what your customers are used to 作replace的宾语。【译文】他说,“大多数现有品牌设计师发现,并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。”3.Last year the inf
6、luential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections a re at least 25% sustainable. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为复合句,主干为 Des
7、igners & Agents stopped chargingand gave special recognition0 who引导的定语从句 who attend itsYork修饰 entrepreneurs,whose 引导的定语从句 whose collections aresustainable 修饰 designers。【译文】去年,颇具影响力的Designers & Agents对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费 入场,同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。4.This week Wal-Mart is set to
8、announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional ( 过渡型 的)cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为 Wal-Mart is set to announce a initiative。aimedorganic为后置定语,修饰initiative。冒号 后的句
9、子it will buyprices即initiative的内容,相当于initiative的同位语从句。helping tosustainable作伴随状语。【译文】本周沃尔玛特打算宣布一大重要举措,旨在帮助种植棉花的农民走有机种植之路:它将以稍高价收购过渡型的棉花, 以此帮助扩大一种主要的可持续使用面料的供应量。5.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕)of hair, a technique that could help track th
10、e movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Scientists have devised a way。a technique为a way的同位语。where引导的宾语从句where lived作determine的宾语。usinghair为现在分词作方式状语。that引导的定语从句that-victims修饰technique。【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法,凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点,这项技术可能能够帮助跟踪 锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明
11、身份案件受害人的活动场所。6.Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Todd Parksaid。a local detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has为省略了引导词 that的宾语从句,该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whose skel
12、etonLake,修饰的是woman。【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。7.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “ untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为复合句,主干为 He h
13、ad aresume and gaveresponses, but the factsaid untrustworthyso she decided。 从句that he never looked her in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾,but表转折,so则表结果。【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美,并且对她的问题回答得不错,但是,他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”, 因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。8.When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we
14、 have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed ( 有缺陷的)or contrary to our fundamental values.(2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主句为we begin to realize,从句为When引导的时间状语从句When weetc.。主句中包括一个由 that引导的宾语从句that somevalues,作realize的宾
15、语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句what we think,作 challenge的宾语;而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned frometc.。【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设,并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发 出挑战的时候,我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的,或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。9.We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens
16、 doors for all of us, cre ating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句,主干为We need to。to后带了三个并列的不定式,分别是train ourselves to think,shift our mindsets 和realize,而that引导的宾语从句that diversity opensus则作realize的宾语。creatingcommunities作伴随状语,该状语中 又包括一个由that引导的定语从句that benefit everyone,修饰的是opportunities。【译文】我们需要训