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1、被动语态一、 考点、热点回忆【词汇辨析】1. across, thoug 穿过 os指从一定范畴的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过桥梁等。eg: heyl arssth ridge.她们步行走过了这座桥。hrugh 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg: H alks thrughthe ak. 她步行穿过公园。 2. il,sik“生病的”。il只在系动词后作表语eg:er mothr ws ill nbdk 既可作表语 e:Her mothr was ik in . 也可作定语e: Jane istakng care
2、of er ick mothe. 若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的” eg: an il pron一种坏人sik作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“eg:The by wys feessck when he ravls by car.【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/代词/ 副词 介词mke rom or给.腾出地方 g: e ca mae ro foer thistabepla a jo on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 eg: Weaplay a joe nlawspeak highl of夸奖 g: Te csmsspak highl o thei qualityservice. godbye to辞别
3、;告辞 eg:Idot want to say d bye t themtakean acive par n积极参与 eg: hey tn cte par in schol ciits.ak rof照顾;照顾;注意 eg: Coul you ke cre of my lants hi mon vtion?【被动语态】(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化体现出来的。英语中有两种语态:积极语态和被动语态。 积极语态表达主语是动作的执行者。 例如:Manyeople spe Cinese. 谓语:pk的动作是由主语manyeole来执行的。被动语态表达主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如
4、:Chnse is soken b manyople. 主语Enlsh是动词speak的承受者。(二)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词e+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过b的变化体现出来的。现以sea为例阐明被动语态在多种时态中的构成。一般目前时:ams/areokn 一般过去时:wswerespken 一般将来时:illsa bepoke 目迈进行时:am/ae beig+poken 过去进行时:was/were bengpoken目前完毕时:ve/hasbenspken 过去完毕时:had benpoke(三)被动语态的用法 (1)不懂得或没有必要阐明动作的执行者是谁
5、。 例如:Somene cope we stolen last night. 某些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不懂得是谁偷的) This ridg wa foundedin 19.这座桥竣工于181年。()强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:Tegass wa broken b Mik.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 hs ook aswrite b him.这本书是她写的。 Your homework mus be insed ntime你们的家庭作业必须及时完毕。(四)积极语态变被动语态的措施(1)把积极语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动构造(e过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里
6、的主语的人称和数,以及本来积极语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。()把积极语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: Ate elelued him.Hewas lughe at by allole. The makee biki te fatoy. Th ik e de bytem i the factoy. He cu dw a re. twas ut down by hi.(五)具有情态动词的被动语态 具有情态动词的积极句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+e过去分词”构成We can reir this wach in two days.his wtch can b ri
7、di two day. The hould d i one Itshouldbe doneto.(六)特殊状况 1Hemae t by ork fr wo hoursyetrday. The oywa mad to woryhim f to u yesteday.Mother neer lets me watch TV . a neve let to wach TV bymoher. 3.Jacgave Peer a Citmas pesent jut no. (1)Ahrtmas pst as given oPter by Jck just now (2)t wasive hrita pre
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