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1、基于PLC控制的变频调速在桥式起重机中的应用论文摘 要桥式起重机是一种常用的货物运输工具，被广泛的应用于工厂、码头、仓库中。桥式起重机是现代工业生产中重要的载物工具，为国民生产做出了重大的贡献。因此，用户对桥式起重机的安全性、高效性也非常高。传统的桥式起重机采用的是转子串联电阻的方式经行对桥式起重机的控制。这样的控制系统存在着效率底下、可靠性差、操作复杂、耗能巨大、维修困难等缺点。为了让桥式起重机更符合当前的生产需求，采用新型的控制系统代替原有转子回路串联电阻的调速系统成为从事相关行业专家的研究课题。近年来电力电子技术的不断发展，变频技术也得到了极大的进步。变频器调速技术越来越被广泛的应用于各
2、个领域，特别是应用于一些重型机械中提高了这些机械的整体性能，能够解决系统中存在的诸多缺陷。本文结合了变频调速技术，提出了基于PLC下控制变频调速系统来实现对桥式起重机的控制。系统采用人机界面实现操作员和PLC的通信，从而达到对桥式起重机的运行控制和故障监测。提高了系统运行的精准度、安全性以及系统的智能程度。关键词：桥式起重机 变频器 可编程控制器 ABSTRACTBridge crane is a kind of common goods transport, has been widely used in factories, docks, warehouses. Bridge crane
3、is the modern industrial production important slide in the tool, efficiency is very high. Traditional bridge crane USES is the manner in which the rotor series resistance of the line of control of the bridge crane. Under such control systems there is efficiency, poor reliability, maintenance difficu
4、lties shortcomings and so on. In order to make the bridge crane more in line with the current production demand, adopting new type of control system instead of the original rotor loop series resistance speed control system become experts engaged in related industry.In recent years the continuous dev
5、elopment of power electronic technology. Frequency converter speed regulation technology is more and more widely applied in various fields, especially applied to some heavy machinery to improve the mechanical performance of the whole, can solve many defects existing in the system. This article combi
6、nes the frequency control technology, frequency control of motor speed control system based on PLC is put forward to realize the control of the bridge crane. System operators and PLC is realized by using the man-machine interface of communication, so as to achieve control over the operation of the b
7、ridge crane and fault monitoring. To improve the precision of the system operation, safety, and intelligent degree of the system. Keywords: bridge crane frequency converter programmable controller目录摘 要IABSTRACTII第1章 绪论11.1 题目的意义11.2 国内外发展情况概述21.3 本文设计的主要内容6第2章 变频调速控制原理72.1 变频调速的基本原理72.1.1 基频以下调速82.1
8、.2 基频以上调速82.2 变频器92.2.1 变频器类型92.2.2 变频器的用途92.2.3 变频器的基本机构102.2.4 变频器的控制电路102.3 变频调速的控制方法122.3.1恒压频比控制122.3.2矢量控制132.3.3转差率控制132.3.4变级对数控制132.4 传统的串电阻调速和变频器调速的比较14第3章 桥式起重机频调速系统设计163.1 桥式起重机的基本结构163.2 总体设计方案173.3 起重机设计要求203.4 电机、变频器和常用辅件的选择223.4.1电机的选择223.4.2变频器的选用243.4.3辅助部件的选用28第4章 可编程控制器在桥式起重机变频器控
9、制系统中的应用294.1 可编程控制器的概述及其组成294.1.1可编程控制器概述294.1.2可编程控制的结构组成314.2 本文中可编程控制器的选用及其特点344.2.1施耐德Twido系列和西门子S7200系列的特点344.2.2两种PLC的选择364.3 变频调速起重机控制系统的设计374.3.1调速系统的基本要求和I/O分配374.3.2电气控制系统原理图424.4 各机构的安全保护和检测454.4.1起升机构安全保护及检测454.4.2小车行走机构安全保护及检测454.4.3压电安全保护及检测46第5章 桥式起重机系统软件设计475.1 西门子PLC软件的编程及其编程475.1.1
10、 PLC编程软件概述475.1.2 程序设计485.2 触摸屏的软件设计545.2.1组态软件545.2.2触摸屏界面设计555.3抗干扰措施56结 论58致 谢59参考文献60CONTENTSABSTRACTIABSTRACTIIChapter 1 The introduction 11.1 The meaning of the title11.2 The devdlopment situation at hoem and abroad21.3 Design of main content6Chapter 2 Frequency control of motor speed control
11、principle72.1 Inverter speed regulation principle72.1.1 Under the fundamental frequency control of motor speed82.1.2 Above fundamental frequency control of motor speed82.2 Inverter92.2.1 Inverter type92.2.2 The uss of transducer92.2.3 Basic institutions of the inverter102.2.4 Frequency converter con
12、trol circuit102.3 Frequency control of motor speed control method122.3.1 Constant voltage frequency ratio control122.3.2 Vector control132.3.3 Revolutional Slip control132.3.4 Logarithmic control level13 2.4 Series resistance frequency converter speed regulation14Chapter 3 bridge crane frequency spe
13、ed control system design163.1 The structure of bridge crane163.2 The design scheme173.3 Crane design requirements203.4 Motor, inverter and auxiliary parts223.4.1Motor223.4.2Inverter243.4.3parts28Chapter 4 Application of PLC, frequency converter control system294.1 Overview of PLC and its composition
14、294.1.1 Summary of PLC294.1.2 The architecture of the PLC314.2 The selection of PLC and its characteristics344.2.1 Twido and Siemens S7200344.2.2 Two kinds of PLC selection364.3 Variable frequency speed control system design374.3.1 The essential requirement of governing system374.3.2 The principle d
15、iagram of the system424.4 Security, protection and detection454.4.1 Hoisting mechanism AnQun, test454.4.2Car walks security protection and test organization454.4.3 Piezoelectric security protection and test46 Chapter 5 Bridge crane system software design475.1 PLC software programming and programming475.1.1 Summary of the PLC programming software475.1.2 The program d
