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1、简单句的五大基本句型英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，能够发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一、1. Great changes have taken place .2. We all breathe, eat and drink.3. The blind study in special schools.4. Fighting broke out between the South and North.5. To tell the truth always
2、 pays.6. What he said doesnt matter.以上例句中的斜体局部是句子的主语。主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)， 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句等等。谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中， 我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，这些不及物动词能够是单个的动词，也能够是短语。由此，能够归纳出句型一：主语+不及物动词。S+v.( Subject+Verb)基本句型二：1.He is a teacher.2.The best composition is h
3、ers.3.Five and five is ten. 4.He is asleep.5.His father is in.6.The picture is on the wall.7.My watch is gone missing lost.8.To see is to believe.9.The question is whether they will come. 以上例句中的斜体局部是句子的表语。表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身分，通常有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，形容词化的分词，不定式或者表语从句充当。句子中的be 是系动词。由此能够总结出句型二：主语+系动词+表语
4、。S+Link V.+P ( Subject+link verb+Predicate)本句型中，系动词除了be 之外，还能够是：1). Several players lay flat on the playground. 2). We should remain modest and prudent any time.3).The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.4).It is getting warmer and warmer.5).Dont have the food. It has gone bad.6). The
5、 facts prove true.以上系动词能够分类。感觉（feel, look. Smell, taste, sound）; 仍然（ remain, continue, stay, keep）; 变成（become, come, go, get, grow, turn）; 似乎（ seem, appear）; 证明是（prove）. 基本句型三：1.I like China. （名词）2.He hates you. （代词）3.How many do you need ?We need two. （数词）4.We should help the old and the poor. 5.I
6、enjoy working with you.（动名词）6.I hope to see you again.（不定式）7.Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）8.Im looking forward to hearing from you.9. It took me a while to adapt to the job. 10. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays. 分析以上例句，能够看出斜体局部是句子的宾语。句子的宾语能够由名词，代词，数词，形容词化的名词，动名词，不定式，从句充当， 它表示及物
7、动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容， 或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句中的谓语动词能够是单个的动词，也能够是短语，如例句中的look forward to, adapt to, look after等等。由此，归纳基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语。S+V+O( Subject+Verb+Object)基本句型四：1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I show
8、ed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him the bus was late.8. He showed me how to run the machine. 仔细观察以上例句，能够看出，斜体局部是句子的宾语，下划线局部也是句子的宾语，也就是一个句子中有两个宾语。不难发现，斜体局部为“人或者物等”，称为间接宾语； 下划线局部为“物或者事”，称为直接宾语。至此，能够总结出此句型为：主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。S+V+o+O( Subject+Verb+Indict object+Direct object).此句型中
9、，常见的谓语动词有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。本句型也能够把直接宾语放在间接宾语前面，不过间接宾语前需要加上适当的介词。如上面的句1，能够表达为：She ordered a new dress for herself. 句子5，能够表达为：I showed my pictures to him. 基本句型五：1. Th
10、ey named the child Jim. 2. He boiled the egg hard. 3. He painted the door green. 4.I found the book very interesting.5.We saw him out. 6.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 7.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。8.Dont take his kindness for granted. 分析以上句子，能够看出，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只
11、跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，这个补充成分叫宾语补足语。（斜体局部即宾语的补足语）才能使意思完整。能够用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 。由此归纳，基本句型五为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语， S+V+O+C( Subject+Verb+Object+Complement).常用于这个句型的动词有： （1）感官动词： see, notice, observe. watch, hear, listen to, feel, find(发现), smell （2）役使动词： have, let , make, get（3）表示心里状
12、态的词：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove（4）表示情感状态的动词： love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect（5）动词keep/leave 使/ 让保持某种状态 以上是英语简单句的五种基本句型。英语的复杂句式都是由这五种基本句型拓展而成。假如在名词或者代词前面加上词、短语或者句子来修饰，那么这些修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子就是定语。1.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.2.He is our f
13、riend. 3.We belong to the third world.4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.5.The man over there is my old friend.6.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. 8.The trees planted last year are growing well now.9.I have an idea to do it well.
14、 10.You should do everything that I do. 由以上例句能够看出，用做定语（斜体局部）的能够是名词，代词， 数词，形容词，副词，介词，-ing形式，不定式或从句。假设修饰名词或代词的是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫定语从句。 在英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的成分叫状语。如： 1The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。 2可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等， 假如做状语的是一个从句，那么这个从句叫做状语从句。3状语按用途来分，能够分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、
15、条件、让步、水准、方式、伴随等 。（1） Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? As soon as he comes, Ill tell you. 时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中(2). There are plenty of fish in the sea. On the platform, she kissed her mother. 地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。（3）. Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them. 原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。 (4). She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said. 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。(5). He ran for shelter.In order to get into a go
