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1、前言：要学好一门外语，无非是从词、句，最后到段，词句需要积累，段由句组成，句子由词构成，因此明白词的用法很重要，但单纯的词又需要句帮助记忆，所以在讲词之前先告诉大家小学三种最常见句子结构：1.主语+谓语+宾语 例如：I like English. I see you.2.主语+谓语+副词The bus goes quickly. They walk slowly. 3.主语+be动词+形容词或名词They are students. They are young. 下面就是对小学出现的词性和语法的总结。一、名词：多用作主语和宾语。1、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 可数名词分为个体名词(如book
2、, desk,等)和集体名词(如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。如meat, water, milk, homework, time等)。 2、名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： . 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如： book books room rooms house houses day days . 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes . 以辅音字母+y结尾的名
3、词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city cities body bodies factory factories . 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half halvesleaf leaves knife knives wife wives . 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children mouse miceman men woman women policeman policemen (规律:man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话： 以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余
4、的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth 悄悄话：oo变成ee。 sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。 3、不可数名词的家务事 . 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。 . 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如： orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 。4、“行行色色”的名词所有格,名词词尾加s的所有格. . 一般情况在名词后加s。例如： That
5、girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。 . 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面，只加。 Today is September 10th, Teachers Day.。 Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.如果一个东西为两个人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如： They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are!He is Lily and Lucys father. 即学即练：用所给名词的
6、适当形式填空。 1. How many_ (sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_ (food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_ (tooth) now. 4. There are a lot of_ (Chinese) in Japan.5. There are five_ (people) in his family. 6. Lets take_ (photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_ (tomato) here. 8. The_ (leaf) on the t
7、ree turn-yellow. 9. The_ (child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_ (dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_ (hair). 12. They are_ (woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_ (fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some a
8、pple_ (juice). I am very thirsty. 16.This is a man. (复数) _.17.That is an apple. (复数） _.18.There is a pen on the desk. (复数） _.19.He is a good student. (复数） _.20.She is a good teacher. （复数） _.二、冠词：定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词（即名词前不用冠词），修饰名词。1.不定冠词a, an的用法，a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前。例如：a deska chair, a cup；an appl
9、e, an orange, an egg, an hour等。2.定冠词the的用法:在上面提到的人或事物之前，例如：There is a book on the desk. The book is mine. 用在乐器名词之前，例如：play the piano, play the violin等。3.不用定冠词的四项注意。今天,我们从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词“the”。 定冠词不能用在节日、星期、日期、月份、季节前面。例如: I go to school on the Monday. () I go to school on Monday.() 定冠词不用在三餐前，例如I wa
10、nt to have porridge for the supper. () I want to have porridge for supper. ()定冠词不用在球类名词前，例如I play the soccer every day. ()I play soccer every day. ()定冠词不与名词前有this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如: This the pen is mine. () This pen is mine.() 即学即练：用a, an, the或/填空。1.It is _ orange on the table.2.I h
11、ave _ egg and some bread for _ breakfast.3.Tom plays _ piano every day.4.-Is this your _ book? -No, it isnt.5.There are sixty minutes in _ hour.6.-Look! Here is a pen. Is _ pen yours? -Oh, yes, it is mine. Thank you!7.School usually starts in _ September. 8.It is always hot in _ summer.9.June first
12、is _ Childrens Day.10.My birthday is in _ May.三、动词: 用于作句子的谓语。动词分类：系动词（be动词）、情态动词、助动词、行为（实义）动词。1. 系(be)动词：到目前为止我们学到的主要是be动词，包括am, is, are, was, were五个。2. 情态动词.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，它的后面必须接动词原形。.常见情态动词：can, must, may, would.情态动词的用法及主要句型：a.-Can I help you? -Yes, please. / No, thank you.b.-Can + 主语 + 动词原形？ -Yes
13、, 主语+can. / No, 主语+cant.c.-Can I use your pen?-Yes, of course. / Sure. Here you are.d.-May I come in?-Come in, please. e.-May I sit here?-Yes, please. / Sorry, please dont.f.-Would you like something to eat? -Yes, please. / No, thank you.g.-Would you like to go to a movie?-Yes, Id love to. /Id love to, but I am busy.3.助动词：帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句的词。到目前学过3个do, does和did.例如：I like English. I dont like English. / Do you like English?
