全国通用2020中考英语二轮复习语法系列第三讲代词素材

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1、人称代词1. 定义:指代人和事物的词。2. 分类:主格和宾格3. 作用.人称代词做主语时必须用主格,放在动词前面。 I am a student. He likes playing football. They can speak English.宾格,在句子中做宾语,放在动词和介词之后 I like her.(her在动词like后做宾语)She plays with me every day.(me在介词with后做宾语).人称代词的排列顺序 单数:第二人称,第三人称,第一人称(二,三,一)You,he and I are good students.复数:第一人称,第二人称,第三人称(一

2、,二,三)We,you and they are in the same school.物主代词1. 形容词性物主代词,具有形容词的性质。形容词性物质代词不能单独使用,后面一定要跟名词。 Eg: This is my book.His name is Tom.Tips:形容词性物主代词前不能有this,that,some,a,an,the等修饰词Eg:不能说 This is the my book.2. 名词性物主代词,具有名词的性质。名词性物主代词后面不能再跟名词,可以单独使用,可做主语,宾语,表语。Eg: This is her red book.Its not mine.(mine做表语

3、)Mine is red.(mine做主语).I dont like hers.(hers做宾语) 3. 形容词性物质代词和名词性物主代词关系 (1)由形容词性物主代词变名词性无指代词,除了my变mine外,其余以s结尾的不变,不以s结尾的直接加s。(2)形容词性物主代词+n=名词性物主代词Eg:These are their books=These books are theirs. ( their books=theirs)反身代词1.反身代词通常和以下词进行连用。by oneself依靠自己enjoy oneself玩的开心help oneselfto 随便吃.teach oneself

4、自学learn oneself自学look after oneself照顾自己make oneself at home 别拘束dress oneself自己穿衣hurt oneself 伤着自己for oneself 为了自己.指示代词1. 向别人介绍某个人要说:This is .Eg:Mom ,This is Lucy.而不说Mom,she is Lucy.2. 电话用语中。(1) 介绍自己时用This is .我是.(2) 询问对方时用that指代你。Eg:Who is that? 你是谁?Eg:Hello,this is Tom speaking,Who is that?而不说Hello

5、,Im Tom,Who are you?3. 含有指示代词的问句,回答时,要用人称代词代替指示代词 Eg:What is that? It is a book.(回答用it代替that) Is this a book? Yes,it is.(回答用it代替this) Are these books? Yes,they are(回答用they代替these)疑问代词1. Who,whom,whose(1) who和whom 都是谁的意思,whom 是who的宾格形式,who可以做主语,也可以做宾语,whom只能做宾语。用whom的地方都能用who,但如果前有介词只能用whom。Eg:Who is

6、 the boy?(Who做主语) Who /Whom are you waiting for?(做宾语,用who,whom都可以) To whom is she writing?(有介词to,只能用whom,不能用who) With whom did you go to Beijing?(有介词with,只能用whom,不能用who)2. Whose是who的所有格形式。 (1)可以作定语修饰名词 Eg:Whose book is this?(2) 可以做主语 Eg:Whose is this book?3. what什么,which哪一个 (1) What 对物品,职业,做什么提问 Eg:

7、What can you see?(对物品提问) What does she do ?(对职业提问) What are you going to do tomorrow?(对做什么提问) (2)当给出范围时,提问用whichEg:Which is longer,the pen or the pencil?Which do you like better,the apple or the pear?复合不定代词复合不定代词用法1.形容词修饰不定代词要后置Eg:something inportatanything interestingnothing serious2. 复合不定代词做主语,谓语动

8、词用单三形式 Eg:Something is wrong with my computer. Everything goes well. Everyone is here.3. something和anything区别(someone和anyone,somebody和anybody同理) something用于肯定句中,anything用于否定句和疑问句中。但是当表示请求建议,期望得到对方肯定回答时,在疑问句中要用something,anything也可用于肯定句中,表示任何的意思Eg:There is something interesting in the newspaper. There

9、 isnt anything interesting in the newspaper. Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? What about something to drink?(表示建议的问句,用something) Could you give me something to eat?(表示请求的问句,用something)Tips:everyone 和every one区别 everyone 意为每个人,指人,不指物,不能和of连用 every one意为每一,既可指人,也可指物,可以和of连用 普通不定代词1.五姐妹o

10、ther,the other,others,the others,another 1)other+名词复数,表示另外的 2)the other+名词单数时,和one连用,one.the other,一个.另一个 Eg:One of my brothers is a teacher,the other is a worker. 3)others=other+名词复数,表示别的,其余的人或物(不是其余的全部,无范围)和some.others进行搭配,表示一些.另一些Eg:Some students are rending,others are writing.一些学生在读书,另一些在写字 4)th

11、e others=the other+名词复数,表示其余全部的人或物(要有范围) Eg:There are 20 students ,some are Chinese ,the others are American. 有20名学生,一些是中国的,其余的都是美国的。5) another,表示又一,再一,但是another+数字+名词复数=数字+more+名词复数,表示另外几个. Eg:I need another two hours to finish my homework. =I need two more hours to finish my homework.我还需要另外2小时才能完成

12、作业(说明前面已经写了2小时)2. both,all,either,neither,no,none1) both两者都,做主语,谓语动词用复数。2) all三者都,做主语,谓语动词取决于all所指代的内容,指代名词复数,谓语动词用复数,指代不可数,谓语动词用单数。Eg:All the students are boys in the class.All money is spent.3) either两者中的任一个,做主语时谓语动词用单数4) neither两者都不,做主语时谓语动词用单数5) none三者及以上都不,常和of连用,none of做主语时谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数6) n

13、o=not any/not a(an)Eg:I have no moeny=I dont have any money. I have no book=I dont have a book3. evey,each every 只能作定语,不可以单独使用,后不能加of。every+名词单数,谓语动词用单数 each 可用作形容词作定语,用作代词做主语,后可加of。Each of+名词单数,谓语动词用单数4. a few,few,a little,little a few +可数名词,表肯定 few+可数名词,表否定 a little+不可数名词,表肯定 little+不可数名词,表否定5. so

14、me,any区别参考不定代词something和anything区别6. many,much,a lot of,lots of many+可数名词复数 much+不可数名词 a lot of=lots of+可数名词复数和不可数名词都可以7. the number of,a number of The number of 表示.的数量+名词复数,谓语动词用单数 A number of 表示大量、许多+名词复数,谓语动词用复数8. one,it,that one 指代上文中的同类不同物 it 指代上文中的同类同物 that(those),用于比较级中同类不同范围内的比较 Eg:The popolation of China is larger than that of America. The cities of China are much more than those of America.

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