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1、代 词英语代词分为以下八类: 人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词, 指示代词, 不定代词, 疑问代词, 连接代词, 关系代词. 本章只说明前五类代词的用法, 后三类代词的用法在其他章节说明人称代词一.人称代词的形式: 人称代词有人称, 数和格的变化我我们你/你们他她它他们/她们/它们主格iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem二.人称代词的用法: 1.主格的用法: 作主语, 表语 a. he often helps me with my english. b. it is he who often helps me with my english. 2.宾格的
2、用法: 作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语. a. mr. li teaches us english. b. we often go and see her on sundays. c. you are really above me in maths.d. father bought a new bike for him. 3.关于人称代词用法需注意的问题: .在than / as引导的比较状语从句中常有省略, 注意其中的人称代词作主语用主格, 作宾语用宾格. 在这类从句中, 在不引起误解的情况下, 有时用宾格代词代替主格代词 a. he likes mary better than i ( l
3、ike mary ).他比我更喜欢玛丽 b. he likes mary better than ( he likes ) me他喜欢我,更喜欢玛丽 c. he is taller than i / me. .在强调句中, 若被强调的部分是代词, 则其格不变, 如: a. it was i who first opened the door this morning.b. it was me whom they talked about. .人称代词单独使用或是在not之后, 常用宾格 a. “ i like english. ” “ me too.” b. “ would you like
4、more wine ?” “ not me.” .在同位语中, 人称代词的格视与之同位的词在句中的成分而定, 如: a. we, tom and i, showed her many wonderful pictures. b. she showed us, tom and me, many wonderful pictures. .人称代词在代替一些不定代词, 如: anybody, everybody, anyone, someone, no one, whoever及person等这些无明确对象的代词或名词时, 在正式场合用he / his / him代替, 在非正式场合用they /
5、them / their代替, 如: a. nobody came, did he/they ? b. whoever comes, tell him / them the news.在be或to be之后的人称代词的格应根据它所指代的名词或代词在句中的成分而定 a. i thought it was she. / i thought it to be her. b. i was taken to be she.我被当成了她. / they took me to be her.他们把我当成了她.在口语中常用宾格代词作表语a. “ who is that ? ” “ it is me. ”.th
6、ey可指“有关的人” “人们”, 相当于people, 如: a. they say the fire broke out at midnight. = people say the fire broke out at midnight. / it is said that the fire broke out at midnight. .三个人称代词同时出现时, 其顺序一般是: 你, 他/她, 我; 我们, 你们, 他们 a. you, he and i all enjoy music.物主代词表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词一.物主代词的形式: 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种
7、我的我们的你的/你们的他的她的它的他们的/她们的/它们的形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishers-theirs二.物主代词的用法: 1.形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词, 作定语, 如: our work, her students, their house 2.名词性物主代词相当于一个名词, 作主语, 表语, 宾语 a. his brother is a driver; mine is a worker. b. these books are mine. c. you can use my bike and i ma
8、y use hers. 3. “of +名词性物主代词”可构成双重所有格, 如: a. wang ling is a friend of mine.b. this baby of hers is so lovely. 4.物主代词用法应注意的问题: .动名词的逻辑主语如果位于句首, 则多用物主代词, 如: a. his coming late made everyone angry. .在介词后, 表示身体某部位或身上某位置的名词前, 用the而不用物主代词, 如: a. ive hurt him in the finger. b. he hit me on the back.c. he ca
9、ught me by the hair. d. the man pulled me by the sleeve.揪住了我的衣袖.反身代词一.反身代词的形式: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves二.反身代词的用法: 1.作宾语: a. he taught himself english. b. he is old enough to look after himself. 2.在句中作名词或代词的同位语, 以加强名词或代词的语气, 一般表示 “亲自” “本人” a. i mys
10、elf did the work. b. you had better ask tom himself.指示代词一.指示代词的形式: this, that, these, those, it, such, same二.指示代词的用法: 1.this / these常指时间, 空间或心理上较近的人或物, that / those常指时间, 空间或心理上较远的人或物 2.this / these常指后面要提到的事物, 有启下的作用; 而that / those常指前面讲到过的事物, 有承上的作用 a. what i want to tell you is this: the meeting is
11、put off until friday. b. he had a bad cold. that is why he didnt attend the meeting. 3.that / those还可用来代替上文出现过的名词.作此用法时, 它们的用法及与one / ones的对比见下表代替什么词替换成定语问题onec单数某名词有前置定语或后置定语onesc复数某名词有前置定语或后置定语thatc单数或uthe + 某名词必无前置定语, 必有后置定语thosec复数the + 某名词必无前置定语, 必有后置定语 a. the weather in beijing is not so hot a
12、s that ( = the weather ) in shanghai. b. the population of china is a quarter of that ( = the population ) of the world. c. the students in class one work harder than those ( = the students ) in class two. d. the question is an easy one. e. which pencils do you want ? the red ones. f. he has a new c
13、oat and several old ones. g. i have lost my pen. i am going to buy one. 4.such的用法 .such代替或修饰可数与不可数名词都可 a. he is such a man. b. i dont like such words. c. such is our plan. .such应位于no, one, another, some, many, all等词之后 a. one such grammar book is enough. .such + a(n) + adj. + n结构等同于so + adj. + a(n) + n, 如: a. it is such a good chance. =it is so good a chance. .如果名词为u, 则只能用such而不能用so, 如: a. he has made such great progress. b. it was such good weather. .如果名词被many / much / little / few四个词修饰, 则要用so而不用such, 如: a. he has made so much progress.5.the same的用法: the same =同样(的), 可以作定语
