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1、四类名词性从句详解一、概说名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句和同位语从句。二、名词性从句的一般引导词1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但
2、有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如(from )：He asked whether if I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether)3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语等。如：Thats what she wanted to get. 这就是她想离开的原因
3、。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it will remain a puzzle
4、forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。三、主语从句1. 引导词：主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what, who(m), which, when, where, how, why等。如：That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Which side wins makes no difference to him.
5、哪边赢他都无所谓。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。2. 形式主语：有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：Its a pity that he didnt come. 很遗憾他没来。Its not yet known what she did. 她做什么还不得而知。It was uncertain whether he could come or not. 他是否会来还不肯定。这三句句首的it均为形式主语，相应的真主语分别是that he didnt com
6、e / what she did / whether he could come or not。四、表语从句表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。一般说来，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句，如that, what, who(m), which, when, where, how, why, whether等。如：My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意见是马上就干。That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。The
7、morning is when Im busiest. 早上是我最忙的时候。Thats where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。另外，表语从句还可以用as if, as though, because等来引导。如：It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。It looks as though/if we will be late.看起来我们好像会迟到。五、宾语从句1. 引导词：宾语从句就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。一般说来，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引
8、导宾语从句，如that, what, who, which, when, where, how,why, whether等。如：We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。I havent decided whether I should go. 我还没决定我是否会去。I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。He asked when the train would get in. 他问火车什么时候进站。He asked me where I w
9、as going. 他问我到哪儿去。Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。He asked who lived next door. 他问谁住在隔壁。She asked why he was silent. 她问他为什么一言不发。2. if与whether：if通常不用于引导主语从句或表语从句，但可以用于引导宾语从句，与whether用法相同，常可互换。如：I wonder if its large enough. 不知它是否够大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着()。但是，当于用于介词后引
10、导宾语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而忧虑。3. that的省略：that引导主语从句或表语从句时通常不省略，但引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。如：She said (that) she didnt want to know. 她说她不想知道。I dont think (that) shes interested in it. 我想她对这事没有兴趣。4. 否定转移：当主句主语为第一人称，且主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagi
11、ne等时，若其后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，此时通常应将否定转移到主句上。如：I dont think that he will leave. 我认为他不会离开。I dont believe that it is easy. 我相信这不会容易。六、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。所谓同位语，就是指两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，此时我们就把后一项称为前一项的同位语。所谓同位语从句，就是指用于名词后对该名词的内容进行说明解释的从句。如：The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost
12、 her husband. 法官毫不考虑她刚刚失去丈夫一事。句中的that she had just lost her husband为修饰名词the fact的同位语从句，用以具体说明the fact的内容。Mary suddenly got the feeling that someone was watching her. 玛丽突然感到有人在看她。句中的that someone was watching her为修饰名词the feeling的同位语从句，用以具体说明the feeling的内容。英语中只有少数名词可后接同位语从句，比较常见的有belief, doubt, fact, f
13、eeling, hope, idea, message, news, opinion等()。另外，同位语从句的引导词也比较有限，主要是由that引导，有时可也可用when, how, where, whether, who等引导，但是不能用if引导，如：You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急! He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1、从句法功能上来看同位语从句中连接词th
14、at在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如：I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)2、从意义上来看同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号；
15、而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句，其中 the factory we visited last month.)七、名词性从句的重要引导词1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句，。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”引导宾语从句，带有疑问意味；二是表示“的”，引导主语从句和表语从句如：I dont know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。I dont know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。That is what I want. 那是我想要的。
