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1、阅读理解学案20112015年河南中考考情一览表考情解读：阅读理解题是中考必考的重点题型之一，共40分，20个小题。体裁主要是记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。前三篇是选择型阅读，第四篇是任务型阅读，设题形式包括细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题概括题、数字计算题和句子还原题。其中细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、标题概括题和句子还原题是近5年的必考考点。预计2016年阅读理解题的题型和体裁变化不大，选材上会更加注重时代性，更具生活气息。 2.方法指导阅读理解题的解题步骤：1. 先读题。首先浏览题目，带着问题去阅读文章。2. 通读全文，掌握文章大意。学生应该掌握整篇文章的主旨
2、 大意，然后带着问题去找答案。做题要有根据，不要脱离 文章，更不能主观臆测。3. 再读文章，检查答案。在时间充足的情况下，逐一检查答案是否有误，在更改答案时一定要找到依据，不要随意更 改。解答阅读理解题的几种技巧：1. 细节理解题利用题目的关键词，找到文中相对应的 词、短语或句子，根据文中确定的细节和事实排除干扰 项，找出正确答案。解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which
3、, where, how, why 等在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?例题: 1,3 “Ma
4、ry, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a
5、 plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite place to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”May said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all didn
6、t keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the butterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then fl
7、ew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .Which is the correct order for the following to takeplace in the story ? （细节题）A、 Mary played in the back garden B、 Mary promised to keep her room cle
8、an C、 Mum asked Mary to clean up her room D、 A butterfly flew over and talker with Mary E、 Mary cleaned up her room A. a, c, d, b, e B. c, a, d, b, e C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, d, b, c, e 2. 推理判断题在文章中找出据以推断的文字，或根据文章的背景、人物的感情色彩以及文章的基调来推断，不要 随意发挥。推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原
9、文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4. What is the purp
10、ose (目的) of this passage?5. The passage is intended to _.6. We can learn from this passage that_7. We can conclude from the passage that_8. It can be seen from the passage that_例题: Passage 1,3 “Mary, your bedroom is a mess(脏乱). Come and clean it up right now.” her mum said. Mary wanted to go outside
11、 and play. “Ill clean it up later, Mum.” “Oh no , you wont. Ive been asking you for days,” her mum said . Mary went into her bedroom. She put away all of her clothes and put all the rubbish into a plastic bag .Mum, Im going outside to Play now .” She ran into the back garden .this was her favorite p
12、lace to be .A small butterfly flew over and landed on Marys hand .”Youre a pretty little butterfly ,”Mary said ,”Does your mum make you keep your bedroom clean?” “What if I left my rubbish all and didnt keep the garden clean and tidy ?Would you have a nice Place to sit among the flowers ?”said the b
13、utterfly . “Id not be happy if I came out to see rubbish here and there ,”Mary said . “Everybody has to do their part and keep their rooms or their flower gardens clean ,”the butterfly said and then flew away . Mary hurried into the house and said to her mother ,”Ill keep my room clean from now on ,
14、Mum .Ive got to do my part .”And she did just that .Q: It can be inferred (推测) from the story that （推理判断题） A. Mum asked the butterfly to teach Mary B. the butterfly always Picked up the rubbish left by Mary C. Marys back garden was clean and tidy D. Mary played with the butterfly every day 3. 词义猜测题要
15、仔细理解生词前后的关键词语或句子，利用同位语、同义词法、构词法和释义法等进行推测。(一)根据生活常识猜测词义 Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your Dads，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”The word“boasting” means _B_A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚 Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today.1.A mammoth is a kind of _C_.A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree2.The w
