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1、 GOLDRATT SATELLITE PROGRAM 高瑞特卫星节目SESSION ONE第一讲OPERATIONS作业Hi! System Approach. 嗨！系统方式。There is a broad consensus that if we want to improve the performance of our company we have to take a system approach, holistic approach. 广泛的共识是，如果我们想要改善公司的绩效，我们必须采用系统方式。We all agree about that the only questio
2、n is how do you do it. 我们都同意，唯一的问题在于你如何去做。Well, lets try.让我们来试试。First thing is, its obvious that we cannot look on just one function in isolation or on just issue in isolation.首先，很显然的，我们不能将每一个功能或问题个别分开来看。So for example, if you want to take a system approach to an organization you have to start with
3、a broad base. 举例来说，如果你要以系统方式来解决一个组织问题，你必须从全面的角度来看。Like for example, to take into consideration logistics and the markets and financial concerns and do not forget that any organization is composed out of people you must take into account people relationships as well. 譬如说，当考虑运筹、市场与财务问题时，别忘了每一个公司都是由人所组
4、成，你也必须将人际关系考虑进去。So far so good.到目前为止一切还好。But then what do you do? 但是，接下来你怎么做呢？In order to demonstrate it, I want to take an example. 为了要示，我来举一个例子。Now, as always when you are taking examples there is a fear of taking a too small example and then the conclusions are too broad example and then its like
5、 you havent taken an example at all. 通常当我们举例时，总担忧所举的例子太小而结论却不具体，或例子太广泛，结果就好似没有一样。So what I will do, I will take as an example the entire steel industry in the world. 因此我要以全世界的钢铁业为例。System approach.系统方式。 What did we say? 我们说了什么呢？Well take for example one aspect of logistic - what will it be in the st
6、eel industry? 我们将举一个运筹方面的例子它在钢铁业会是什么样子呢？Something really bothering people about the existing logistics. 对运筹而言，有些事真让人心烦。It will be something like finished goods inventories are much too high in that industry. 例如，“在钢铁业里，成品库存太高了之类的事。Well, let me tell you a little bit about it so you understand that whe
7、n steel industry is talking about problems of too much finished goods inventory, its even worse than what happens in your industry. 嗯，让我来告诉你，钢铁业成品库存太高的问题，比你所在之产业还要严重的多。As you see, a mid-range steel mill has about quarter of a million tons of finished steel on their yard. 如你所知，一个中级规模的钢铁厂在它们的仓库里约有二十五万
8、吨成品。This is huge. 这是个很大的数量。Why does it bother them so much?这为什么造成他们这么多的困扰呢？Just let me remind you that steel, not like wine,is not improving with time. 让我提醒你们，钢并不像酒一样会越越香。As a matter of fact when you are talking to them they confess that they do not know what they produce more steel or rust. 事实上当你和他
9、们谈起时，他们成认，他们不知道生产比拟多的是钢还是铁锈。This is the magnitude of the problem - its huge. 这是个大问题。Then we said, we shouldnt take just logistic problem and deal with it in isolation, we have to look on other issues at the same time in order to have the system approach. 所以，我们不应只考虑到运筹而且把它单独分开来处理，我们必须同时对待其它的问题以便采取系统方
10、式。What was the other thing? 其它的问题是什么呢？The market, now what you look on the market, something bad. 是市场，现在你所看的市场，情况很糟。Well, in the steel industry its very easy to see what is bad, because thats what you are getting through the phones all time and this is customer complaints. 嗯，在钢铁业你很容易发现什么是糟糕的，就是你常在中所
11、接到的顾客抱怨。Not like in other industries there is something little bit special about the steel industry, which is - over 95% of the complaints is about one single issue, and there are furious complaints. 不像别的工业，钢铁业有一点不同，超过95的抱怨是同一个问题，而且这些抱怨是剧烈的。And the issue is you promised to deliver and you didnt deli
12、ver on time. 问题就是“你容许要交货，却没有准时交货。First of all you can ask yourself what do you mean promised to deliver if they have so much finished goods inventories. 首先你可能会问你自己，既然成品库存有这么多，你说“容许要交货到底是什么意思。How come that they didnt deliver it immediately. 为什么他们没有立刻把货运送出去呢？Well, as it happens, when you come to order
13、 something from the steel mill, yes the do have a quarter of million tons of steel on their fields, but not what you are asking for. 嗯，情形是这样的，当你向钢铁工厂订购一些东西时，他们确实有近二十五万吨的钢铁在他们的仓库里，但不是你要的那种。So if you will go to a Korean steel mill they will tell you, for example if you are asking for steel plates, the
14、y will tell you 6 weeks. 比方说，如果你跑到一家国钢铁工厂要买钢板，他们会告诉你要六个星期。If you go to European steel mill they will tell you 6 weeks. 如果你跑到欧洲钢铁工厂，他们也会告诉你要六个星期。If you go to the US steel mill they will tell you 6 weeks. 如果你跑到美国钢铁厂，他们还是会告诉你要六个星期。Its like number that came to Moses on mount Sinai. 这就好似摩西在西奈山所得到的数目。So n
15、ow you do not have a choice, you have to wait 6 weeks, fine. 因此你没有选择，你必须等六个星期，好吧！And then it turns out that their due date performance is 60%. In other words, in 60% of the cases they will deliver before or at 6 weeks. 结果他们交期绩效是60。换句话说，60的情况，他们会在六个星期或更早交货。In the remaining 40% they will deliver eventually. 剩下40，他们迟早会交货。And eventually can be as long as 15 weeks. 最后可能拖到15个星期。Now why is it such a problem there? 那么，为什么会有这样的问题呢？Its due to the nature of the clients of the steel mills. 这要追究于钢铁工厂客户的性质。Su
