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1、动词不定式专项练习一、动词不定式作主语1. Itsourdutytheroomeveryday.A. tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2. ItshardforusEnglishwell.A. learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀区)4. ItsveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.A. for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(
2、安徽省)Keys:1.A2.C3.take,to,build4.B简析动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(
3、4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用的句型专(对)Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。(错)Itistobelievetosee.Itsforsb.和Itsofsb.1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:Itsveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2)ofsb的
4、句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。for与of的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:Youarenice.(通顺,所以应用of)。Heishard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)A. Itisrighttostopkillingwildanimals.B. ItisthebesttimetovisitUSAinsummer.C. Itis
5、helpfulforustolearnEnglishwell.二、动词不定式作宾语1. Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2. Dontforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3. Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)Keys:1.C2.A3.D简析在want,like,agree,hope,wis
6、h,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb+V+it(形式宾语)+agj(形容词)+to+V(宾语)注意无BE动词。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2. MrLioften
7、teacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)Key:1.B2.C简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1. Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2. MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川
8、省)Key:1.A2.C简析go,come,try,do/tryonesbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Imsorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4. Imsorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5. Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)Keys:3.D4.B5.A简析be+形容词+todosth结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。6. Th
9、epandaissolargethatitcantgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)Theholesuchalargepandatogothrough.(广东省)7. Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldntskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)Theiceonthelakewasntenoughpeople.(广东省)Keys:6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on简析在上述too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo(太而不能)和”enough(forsb)todo(足以、足够做)
10、结构中,不定式作结果状语。sosuchthat如此以致的用法及与其它句型的互换.A、SbSth+beV+so+adjadv(aan+adj+n)+that+cantcouldnt=SbSth+beV+too+adjadv(for+SbSth)+to+V如此以致=太而不能B、.sothatto=inorderto+V动词that+从句为了以便于C、.SbSth+be+so+adj形容词+aan+nV+adv副词(so+littlemanymuch.such+aan+adj+n名形容词+名词)+that+canould=.SbSth+beV+adjadv+enough足够的+to+V.如此.以致于
11、.=足够干如:他太年轻了而不能去上学。A.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.B. HeissoyoungthathecantgotoschoolCHeisntoldenoughtogotoschool.D. Heissoayoungboythathecantgotoschool()1、Thewaterisdirtytheanimalscantdrinkit.A.too.toB.so.thatC.such,thatD.nt,enoughto答案是A()2、ThecomputercostmuchmoneyIcantaffordtobuyit.(答案选项同1)答案:B。因money前
12、有much所以不能用such3环境的污染如此严重,一些濒危动物无法生存下去。Environmentforendrangeredanimalstoliveon.五、动词不定式作定语1. Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)2. Ihavealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3. Heisnotaneasyman.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)Key:1.C2.D3.D简析不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语
13、之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1. Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)2. Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)3. Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC. n
14、otwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)4. Iwasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)Key:1.B2.D3.C4.C简析1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在。hadbetter+V/not+V最好干。后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.A.nottojum
15、pB.tonotjumpC.didntjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)2. Theoldmantoldthechildnoisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)3. Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)Key:1.A2.B3.C简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2. Whydidntyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.ta