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1、EVOLUTIION OFF AN EENVIROONMENTTALAUDIT PPROGRAAMJ. H. MMadayT. L. KKuusinnenOctoberr 19911Presentted att theEnvironnmentaal Audditingg ConfferencceOctoberr 22-223, 19991Seattlee, WasshingttonWork suupportted byythe U.SS. Deppartmeent off Enerrgyunder CContraact DEE-ACO66-76RLLO 18330Pacificc Nortth
2、westt LabooratorryRichlannd, Waashinggton 999352DISCLAIIMERThis reeport was ppreparred ass an aaccounnt of work sponssored by ann agenncy off the Uniteed Staates。Goverrnmentt. Neiither the UUnitedd Stattes Goovernmment nnor anny ageency tthereoof, noor anyy of ttheir emplooyees, makees anyy warrrant
3、y, exprress oor impplied, or aassumees anyy legaal liaabilitty or respoonsibiility for tthe acccuraccy, coomplettenesss, or usefuulnesss of aany innformaation, appaaratuss, prooduct, or proceess diisclossed, oor reppresennts thhat itts usee woulld nott infrringe privaately ownedd righhts. RRefereenc
4、e hereiin to any sspeciffic coommerccial pproducct, prrocesss, or serviice byy tradde namme, trrademaark, manuffacturrer, oor othherwisse doees nott neceessariily coonstittute oor impply itts enddorsemment, recommmendaation, or faavorinng by the UUnitedd Stattes Goovernmment oor anyy agenncy thhereo
5、ff. Thee viewws andd opinnions of auuthorss exprressedd hereein doo not necesssarilly staate orr refllect tthose of thhe Uniited SStatess Goveernmennt or anny ageency tthereoof. Evolutiion off an EEnviroonmenttal Auudit PProgramJoseph H. Maaday, Jr. (ASQC-CQA)Techniccal Grroup LLeaderr - Quualityy V
6、eriificattion DeppartmeentandTapio KKuusinnenSenior Reseaarch SScienttistEnvironnmentaal Pollicy aand Coompliaance GGroupPacificc Nortthwestt LabooratorryRichlannd, Waashinggton 999352ACKNOWLLEDGEMMENTThis doocumennt wass preppared underr the direcction of thhe U.SS. Envvironmment PProtecction Agenc
7、cys (EPA)Small BBusineess Diivisioon. TThere were numerrous rreviewwers ffrom ggovernnment and pprivatte orgganizaationss.Additioonallyy, thee folllowingg provvided imporrtant advicce andd/or rrefereence mmateriials:* Smalll Bussinesss Ombuudsmann, Maiine Deepartmment oof Envvironmmentall Prottectio
8、on* Tenneessee Smalll Busiiness Assisstancee Proggram* New Jerseey Deppartmeent off Enviironmeental Proteectionn* Masssachussetts Officce of Technnical Assisstancee for Toxiccs Usee Reduuctionn (OTAA)* Iowaa Wastte Redductioon Cennter, Univeersityy of NNortheern Ioowa* Florrida SSmall Businness AAss
9、isttance ProgrramThe prooductss and serviices iincludded inn thiss docuument were contrributeed forr reviiew byy commmerciaal anddgovernmment ssourcees. TThe prrojectt teamm is tthankfful foor theeir tiimely coopeeratioon.ABSTRACCTInternaationaal andd natiional standdards, and in soome caases ccorpo
10、rrate ppoliciies reequiree thatt plannned annd schheduleed auddits bbe perrformeed to veriffy alll aspeects oof envvironmmentall complliancee and to deetermiine efffectiive immplemeentatiion off the ennvironnmentaal mannagemeent progrram. An exammple oof thiis cann be ffound in thhe deffinitiion off
11、 audiiting as pprovidded byy U. SS. Envvironmmentall Prottectioon Ageency (EPA) Policcy Staatemennt on Envirronmenntal Auditting. It deefiness enviironmeental auditting aas folllows:Enviroonmenttal auuditinng is a sysstemattic, ddocumeented, periiodic and oobjecttive rreviewwby reguulatedd entiities
12、 of faacilitty opeeratioons annd praacticees rellated to meeetinggenvironnmentaal reqquiremments. Audiits caan be desiggned tto acccompliish anny or all offthe folllowinng: veerify complliancee withh enviironmeental requiiremennts, eevaluaate thheeffectiivenesss of envirronmenntal mmanageement syste
13、ems allreadyy in pplace, or aassesss riskksfrom reegulatted annd unrregulaated mmateriials aand prracticces.Auditinng serrves aas a qqualitty asssurancce cheeck too helpp imprrove tthe efffectiivenesss ofbasic eenviroonmenttal maanagemment by veriffying that managgementt praccticess are inplace, fun
14、cttioninng andd adeqquate. Many sppecifiicatioons fuurtherr emphhasizee thatt the auditt be pperforrmed tto wriitten proceeduress or chheckliists (to prrovidee lateer doccumenttationn) by persoonnel who ddo nott havee direect respoonsibiility for pperforrming the aactiviities beingg audiited. The rr
15、esultts of such auditts aree generrally requiired tto be docummentedd, repportedd to, and rreviewwed byy, ressponsiible managgementt. Folllow-uup acttion wwill bbe takken whhere iindicaated. The rresponnsiblee organnizatiion caan theen takke folllow-uup acttion aas neeeded.An effeectivee audiiting progrram iss a usseful tool for iimprovving eenviroonmenttal coompliaance. If deevelopped prroperlly, thhe proogram will pointt out areass of wweakneess annd areeas off potenntial probllems. An auuditinng proog
