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1、定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ;引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.关系副词在定语从句中做状语.一.由 who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?The boy who/whom w
2、e saw yesterday is Johns brother.二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省略.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking for are very healthy.(固
3、定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which cam
4、e this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?This is the man that/who helped me.The house (that/which) we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that/whom /who)you are looking for is in the room.五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词
5、的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which/that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)The house (which/that) we live in is not large.This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.(在含有介词
6、的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前 )六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isnt much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is
7、the best film (that ) I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same boo
8、k that I want to read. (同一本书)-This is the same book as I want to read. 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this ?先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.time做先行词，前面如果有序
9、数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.Its time ( that ) we got up.七、as 引导的定语从句，as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same as; such as , so as , as as 连用。I
10、like the same book as you do.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.He is the same age as you ( are ).He will give you such information as will help you.Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.=Students such as you have mentioned should b
11、e criticized.在the same后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而 as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I stil
12、l remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.( 介词which可以代替 when)Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.I remember the days which/that we spent together.九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father
13、works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词which可以代替where) This is a place which/that I wanted to visit. 十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。I know the reason why he came late.The reason why he was late was that he was ill.=非限定性定语从句1. who 指人，做主语。Yesterday
14、 I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.2. whom 指人, 作宾语.He had many friends, many of whom had been in the universities.3. whose 指人, 作定语.The Chairmans daughter, whose name is Ann, gave Tom a smile.4. which 指物, 做主语,宾语.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.The speech, which he had written
15、 on the paper, seemed endless.5. where 指地点, 作状语.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.6. when 指时间,作状语.The meeting will be put off till next month, when we will have made all the preparations.7. as 做主语,表语,宾语; 先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.As we all know, he studies very hard.As 引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.As everybody can see as was usualAs can be se
