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1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Scholars and students have always been great travelers. (1). The official case for “academic mob- ility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social pro- gress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe，
2、but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, t
3、heir transference across frontiers, their simul- taneous impact upon many groups of people. (2). The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues: one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery，or a new technique. It must
4、 also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines，and that one was not quite alone，confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years
5、，the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways.(3) The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane，making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible，and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart f
6、rom the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought a- bout the recent explosion in academic movement.(4). Some of these are purely quantitative and re- quire no further mention: there are far more centers of learning，and a far greater number of scholars and stu
7、dents.(5). In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines，particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous num-ber of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work i
8、n some i- solation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.【答案】1.现在经常称“学术流动”是世界经济和社会进步的必备基础，这在欧洲引发了广泛议论，但显然，这已不是什么新的事物了。2.学习的目的在于分享不管是与学生分享，还是和同事分享。有人认为只有偏执狂才对由惊人的发现或新技术带来的荣誉感没有任何兴趣。3.当然，使这一切成为可能的工具是飞机，它让远隔重洋的学者们迅速取得联系变得可行，并且为知识的快速传播提供了条件。4.有一些纯粹是数量上的，无
9、需多言：更多的学习中心，以及比以前更多的学者和学生。5.另外，人们必须承认，学科门类迅速增加，特别是在科学领域，通过拓宽整个高级研究的领域，从而产生了大量专注于某一特定领域的专家学者。2. 单选题Most people choose a（ ）lawyer on the basis of such consideration as his post, his field of expertise, and the fees he charges.问题1选项A.humanisticB.irrelevantC.personalD.pragmatic【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：大多数人会选择一
10、个 的律师，基于他的岗位、专业经验和支付费用等进行考虑。humanistic人性的；irrelevant不相干的；personal私人的；pragmatic实际的，实用主义的。故选D。3. 单选题Japan is a（ ）society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups，such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.simultaneousC.homogenousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：日本是
11、一个 （ ）单民族社会，由一个民族和一些代表性不足的像中国人和韩国人这样的少数群体组成。spontaneous自发的；simultaneous同时存在的；homogenous 同源的，纯系的；instantaneous瞬间的。C选项homogenous符合句意。4. 单选题As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others,they must depend on（ ）.问题1选项A.alliesB.resourcesC.freedomD.education【答案
12、】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：只要国家本身不能积蓄足够的力量来支配其他的人，他们就必须依赖于（ ）。allies同盟国；resources资源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。选项A“同盟国”符合句意。5. 单选题Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratical-ly, and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite（ ）in the evolution of spe
13、cies.问题1选项A.fluctuationsB.manifestationsC.predispositionsD.milestones【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意：一些生物学家认为每种特定的人类特征都是逐渐地、不规则地形成的，因此很难隔离出物种进化过程中明确的（ ）。fluctuations 变动，起伏现象；manifestations 显示，证明；predispositions 倾向，素质；milestones 里程碑。前半句“每种人类特征都是逐渐地产生的”，可知难以将其发展过程分离开，空格以及空格前的“definite”一起应该表示明确的标志，选项D“里程碑”符合句意。6. 翻译题
14、Throughout history new technologies have revolutionized warfare, sometimes abruptly, sometimes only gradually: think of gunpowder, aircraft, radar and nuclear fission. So it has been with informa-tion technology. Computers and the internet have transformed economies and given Western armies great ad
15、vantages, such as the ability to send remotely piloted aircraft across the world to gather intelli-gence and attack targets. (1). But the spread of digital technology comes at a cost: it exposes armies and societies to digital attack. Some scenarios (电影)imagine the almost instantaneous failure of the systems that keep themodernworld turning. As computer networks collapse, factories and chemical plants explode, satellites spin out of control and the financial and power grids fail. Cyberspace has become the fifth domain of warfare, af
