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1、英语形容词比较级和最高级 by张宁 （一）比较等级的含义:英语中，大多数形容词都有三个比较等级：原级；比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”；最高级表示“最”。表示两者比较时用比较级。如:She is taller than me.表示三者或三者以上中“最”时用最高级。如：He is the tallest of the three.（二）形容词的比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。规则变化1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）【例】 great-greater-greatest ；small-smaller-smallest2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级
2、）【例】 fine-finer-finest；wide-wider-widest3）重读闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）【例】 big-bigger-biggest; hot-hotter-hottest4）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。【例】easy-easier-easiest；dirty-dirtier-dirtiest5）其它双音节和多音节词在前面加单词more和most。【例】 careful- more careful- most carefuldifficult- more diff
3、icult- most difficult注：少数双音节词，既可以加-er和-est又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级，如：clever, lovely, friendly, polite, handsome, stupid, tired等等。【例】clever-cleverer/ more clever -cleverest/ most clever不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:good/well - better - best bad/ill - worse - worstmany/much - more -most little -less -leastfar - far
4、ther/further -farthest/furthest注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong,等。练习题一：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级、thin_ _ small_ _ strong_ _ dirty_ _ wonderful_ _ hot_ _ tired_ _ ugly_ _ interesting_ _ good_ _ long_ _ easy_ _difficult_ _ useful_ _ green_ _ brave_ _beautiful_ _ fine _ _ friendly_ _ many_ _形容词的比较等级的用法：1.比较级用于二者的
5、比较，常用于“形容词比较级+than”结构。【例】 Li Ping is older than Wang Hai. 李平比王海年纪大。There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.一班比二班学生多。2.形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 常用于“the+最高级+比较范围”结构. 多用of,in,among短语表示范围.【例】He is the tallest of the three.I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.比较等级的特殊句型：1.形容
6、词前如加 less 和the least 则表示较不和最不【例】This book is less important than that one.这本书比那本书较不重要。This book is the least important of the three. 这本书是三本书中最不重要的一本。2.“The+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越，越”。【例】The more we get together, the happier well be.我们相处越多就会越开心。The older he gets, the stronger he looks.他年纪越大看起来越强壮。3.用“the+形
7、容词比较级+of短语” 表示两者中“较”.【例】He is the taller of the two.他是两人中较高的一个。4. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。单音节及少数双音节词用“原级-er+and+原级-er”，如warmer and warmer越来越暖和；多音节及少数双音节词用“more and more +原级” 如more and more beautiful.比较级结构还必须注意以下问题：1. 形容词比较级前可用much, a little, a lot, even, still等表示程度的状语。【例】Chickens are much smaller than
8、cows.鸡比奶牛小得多。Today is even colder than yesterday.今天比昨天要冷得多。2. 比较级与最高级之间可转化，意思不变。【例】约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is taller than the other boys in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.3.当某一事物与其他事物作比较时，被比较事物中不能包括本身。【例】Shanghai is larger than any city in Japa
9、n.上海比日本的任何一个城市都大。（上海不属于日本）Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何一个其他的城市都大。（上海属于中国，它是中国最大的城市。）4.如果比较对象相同，可用that/those代替第二个比较对象。【例】The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.上海的天气比武汉的天气要好。The texts in Book are much easier than those in Book.第三册的课文比第四册的课文要容易得多。使用比较等级的易错点：1.避
10、免重复使用比较等级误：He is more better than before.正：He is much better than before.2.正确使用多音节词的最高级误：She is much beautiful than me.正：She is much more beautiful than me.3. 避免将主语含在比较对象中误：China is larger than any country in Asia（亚洲）.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.4.比较对象必须是同类可比较的。误：Your computer i
11、s more useful than Tom.正：Your computer is more useful than Toms.练习题二：用适当形式填空1. Mr. Smith is _than me. (rich)2. Winter is _ season of the years. (cold)3. It is much _ today than yesterday. (hot)4. She is a little _ than her classmates. (careful)5. _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)6.
12、 Which book is _, this one or that one? (easy)7. China is becoming _ and _. (strong)8. There are _ boys than girls in our class. (few)9.This story is _( interesting) than that one.10.That was one of _( exciting) things in 2008.选择题( ) 1. Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D
13、. most( ) 2. Which do you like _, tea , coffee or juice? A. well B. better C. best D. most( ) 3. Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject( ) 4. Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boys B.the other boy C. any boy D.the other boy
14、s( ) 5. The houses in Picture are bigger than_ in Picture.A. this B. that C. those D. these( )6. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )7. Tom is _ of the two brothers.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 8. English is one of_ spoken in the world.A. the important languages B. the
