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1、Vector Controlled Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Applications矢量控制的双馈感应风力发电机的应用程序Dr. Ani Gole, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng.,University of Manitoba.This document discusses the theory of operation behind the doubly fed generator case developed by Ani Gole (Univ. of Manitoba, Canada) a
2、nd Om Nayak (Nayak Corporation, Princeton, NJ). The controller concept is based on the paper by Pena et al 1.Description of Rotor Current Generation Circuit (Generator PWM Converter and Controls) 转子电流产生电路的描述（发电机脉宽调制转换器及其控制）双馈感应发电机ABCIsaIsbINDUCTION GENERATOR13.8 kV, 500 HPIscVbVcCTRLSTLCABI M b cW a
3、& Controls& ControlsGRIDPWM ConverterPWM ConverterbabcacGENERATORVaira,irb,ircFig 1: Doubly Fed Induction Generator The Doubly fed induction generator/motor allows power output/input into the stator winding as well as the rotor winding of an induction machine with a wound rotor winding.双馈式感应发电机/电动机通
4、过绕线转子绕组将功率输出/输入感应电机的定子绕组和转子绕组。Using such a generator it is possible to get a good power factor even when the machine speed is quite different from synchronous speed. 使用这样发电机即使在机器转速完全不同于同步速度时也可以得到一个好的功率因数。 Such machines can therefore operate without the need for excessive shunt compensation.这种发电机不需要过
5、度的并联补偿。The rotor currents (ira,irb,irc) of the machine can be resolved into the well known direct and quadrature components id and iq. 双馈感应发电机的转子电流(ira,irb,irc)可以分解为直接和正交分量id 和 iq。 The component id produces a flux in the air gap which is aligned with the rotating flux vector linking the stator; id部分
6、在空气间隙处产生磁通，这与连结定子的旋转磁通量是一致的。whereas the component iq produces flux at right angles to this vector. 而iq产生的磁通与id产生的垂直。The torque in the machine is the vector cross product of these two vectors, and hence only the component iq is contributes to the machine torque and hence to the power. 机器的转矩是这两个向量的向量积
7、，因此，只有iq与机械转矩变化有关，进而导致功率的变化。The component id then controls the reactive power entering the machine. id控制输入机器的无功功率。If id and iq can be controlled precisely, then so can the stator side real and reactive powers. 如果iq和id能被精准控制，于是定子侧的实际功率和无功功率就能被准确控制。The procedure for ensuring that the correct values of
8、 id and iq flow in the rotor is achieved by generating the corresponding phase currents references ira_ref, irb_ref and irc_ref, and then using a suitable voltage sourced converter (VSC) based current source to force these currents into the rotor. 确保id和iq正确的值流入转子侧的方法是产生相电流参考值 ira_ref, irb_ref和irc_re
9、f，然后用一个基于电流源的合适的电压转换器促使这些电流流入转子侧。The latter action is straightforward and can be achieved using current-reference pulse width modulation (CRPWM) or other technique. 后面的过程就很直接了，用当前参考脉冲宽度调制(CRPWM)或者其他的相应的装置就可以实现。The crucial step is to obtain the instantaneous position of the rotating flux vector in sp
10、ace in order to obtain the rotating reference frame. 最关键的一步是获得空间里旋转磁通向量的瞬时位置，从而确定旋转参考系。This can be achieved by realizing that on account of Lenzs law of electromagnetism, the stator voltage (after subtracting rotor resistive drop) is simply the derivative of the stator flux linkage la as in eqn. (1)
11、 which is written for phase a. 这点可以这样获得:根据楞次定律，定子电压（减去转子电阻上压降后）是定子磁链 la的导数，如下式所写：.(1)The control structure shown in Fig. 2 can thus be used to determine the location (fs) of the rotating flux vector.因而图2所示的控制结构能够决定旋转磁通的位置。Fig 2: Determination of rotating mag. Flux vector locationlalbRaIn Fig. 2, the
12、 three phase stator voltages (after removal of resistive voltage drop) are converted into the Clarke (aandb) components va and vb , which are orthogonal in the balanced steady state. 在图2中，三项定子电压Va、Vb、Vc（已去除电阻电压降）被转换成 va 和 vb ， va 和 vb处于正交平衡的稳定状态。This transformation is given by:转换公式如下:(2)Integrating
13、va and vb , we obtain la and llbb , the Clarke components of stator flux.给va 和 vbb积分,我们得到 la 和 lb以及定子磁通 Converting to polar form转化为极坐标形式(3)The angle fs gives the instantaneous location of the stators rotating magnetic field. 角fs 给出了定子磁场的瞬时位置.In practical control circuits, as in Fig. 2, some filterin
14、g is required in order to rid the quantities la and lb of any residual dc component introduced in the integration process.在实际电路中，如图2所示，为了减少集成过程中引入的残余直流分量( la 和 lb)，需要对其进行一些过滤。Now the rotor itself is rotating and is instantaneously located at angle fr (labeled “rotor angle” in the figure).既然，转子本身旋转，且
15、瞬时位置由角fr（标记为转角图）体现。Thus, with a reference frame attached to the rotor, the stators magnetic field vector is at location ffs-fr , which we refer to the “slip angle” fslip. 因此，给转子加一个参考系，定子磁场磁通在位置ffs-fr处，这就是所谓的偏离角fslip.。The instantaneous values for the desired rotor currents can then be readily calculated using the inverse dq transformation, with respect to the slip angle, as shown in Fig. 4. 对于偏离角,如图4所示，使用逆dq变换可以很容易计算出所需的转子电流的瞬时值。The equations for all transformations are shown in the appendix.所有转换方程见文档末尾附录部分。IraaIrbbIrccIra_refIrb_refIrc_refslpangto StatorDQRotoralfabetaABC
