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1、雅思阅读全面分析及答案考试前对试题千锤百炼是必要的，以下是为大家搜索的雅思阅读全面分析及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助! 更多精彩内容请及时关注我们 !ComplianceorNonplianceforChildrenManyScientistsbelievethatsocializationtakesalongprocess,whileplianceistheoutsetofit.Aordingly,plianceforeducationofchildrenisthepriority.Motivationallydistinctformsofchildplianc e,mutuallyposit
2、iveaffect,andmaternalcontrol,observedin3cont rolcontextsin103dyadsofmothersandtheir26-41-month-oldchildr en,wereexaminedascorrelatesofinternalization,assessedusingo bservationsofchildrenwhilealonewithprohibitedtemptationsand maternalratings.Oneformofpliance(mittedpliance),whenthechil dappearedmitted
3、wholeheartedlytothematernalagendaandeagertoe ndorseandaeptit,wasemphasized.Mother-childmutuallypositivea ffectwasbothapredictorandaconitantofmittedpliance.Childrenw hosharedpositiveaffectwiththeirmothersshowedahighlevelofmit tedplianceandwerealsomoreinternalized.Differencesandsimilar itiesbetweenchi
4、ldrenspliancetorequestsandprohibitions(Do vs.Dontdemandcontexts)werealsoexplored.MaternalDosappe aredmorechallengingtotoddlersthantheDont.Someindividualcoherenceofbehaviorwasalsofoundacrossbothdemandcontexts.Thei mplicationsofmittedplianceforemerginginternalizedregulators ofconductarediscussed.Anumb
5、erofparentswerenoteasytobeawareofthepliance,someevenoverlookedtheirchildrensnonpliance.Despitegoodeducation,thes echildrendidnotfollowthewordsfromtheirparentsonseveraloasio ns,especiallyboysincertainages.Fortunately,thisratewasaepta ble,someparentscouldbepatientwiththenonpliance.Someoneheldt hatnonp
6、lianceisprobablynotawrongthing.Inordertodeterminethe effectsofdifferentparentaldisciplinarytechniquesonyoungchil drensplianceandnonpliance,mothersweretrainedtoobserveemoti onalincidentsinvolvingtheirowntoddler-agedchildren.Reportso fdisciplinaryencounterswereanalyzedintermsofthetypesofdisci plineuse
7、d(reasoning,verbalprohibition,physicalcoercion,love withdrawal,andbinationsthereof)andchildrensresponsestothat discipline(pliance/nonplianceandavoidance).Therelationbetwe enpliance/nonplianceandtypeofmisdeed(harmtopersons,harmtopr operty,andlapsesofself-control)wasalsoanalyzed.Resultsindic atedthatl
8、ovewithdrawalbinedwithothertechniqueswasmosteffect iveinsecuringchildrensplianceandthatitseffectivenesswasnot afunctionofthetypeoftechniquewithwhichitwasbined.Avoidantresponsesandaffectivereunificationwiththeparentweremorelikely tofollowlovewithdrawalthananyothertechnique.Physicalcoercio nwassomewha
9、tlesseffectivethanlovewithdrawal,whilereasoninga ndverbalprohibitionwerenotatalleffectiveexceptwhenbothwereb inedwithphysicalcoercion.NonpliantChildrensometimesprefertosaynodirectlyastheywereyounger,theyareeasytodealwiththerelationshipwithcontemporarieswhentheyaregrowingup.Duringtheperiodthatchildre
10、nisgettingelder,whomaylearntousemoreadvancedapproachesfortheirnonpliance.Theyaremoreskillfultonegotiateorgivereasonsforrefusalratherthanshowtheiroppositeideatoparentsdirectly,SaidHenryPorter,scholarworkinginPsychologyInstituteofUK.Heindicatedthatnonpliancemeansgrowthinsomeway,mayhavebenefitforchildr
11、en.ManyExpertshelddifferentviewpointsinrecentyears,theytrieddrillingplianceintochildren.HiscollaboratorWallaceFreisenbelievedthatOrganizingchildsdailyactivitiessothattheyourinthesameordereachdayasmuchaspossible.Thisfirststrategyfordefiantc hildrenisultimatelythemostimportant.Developingaroutinehelps
12、achildtoknowwhattoexpectandincreasesthechancesthatheorshewi llplywiththingssuchaschores,homework,andhygienerequests.Whe nundesirableactivitiesourinthesameorderatoptimaltimesduringtheday,theybeehabitsthatarenotquestioned,butdonewithoutthought.Chancesarethatyouhavedevelopedsometypeofroutineforyourself
13、intermsofshowering,cleaningyourhouse,ordoingothertypesofwork.Youhaveanideainyourmindwhenyouwilldothesethingsonaregu larbasisandthishelpsyoutoknowwhattoexpect.Infact,youhavepro bablyalreadybeenusingmostofthesepliancestrategiesforyoursel fwithoutrealizingit.Forchildren,withoutsettingtheseexpectat ions
14、onadailybasisbymakingthempartofaregularroutine,theycanb eeveryupset.Justlikeadults,childrenthinkaboutwhattheyplanto dothatdayandexpecttobeabletodowhattheywant.So,whenyouealong andaskthemtodosomethingtheywerentalreadyplanningtodothatda y,thiscanresultinautomaticrefusalsandotherundesirabledefian tbeha
15、vior.However,byusingthispliancestrategywithdefiantchil dren,theseactivitiesaredonealmosteverydayinthesamegeneralor derandthechildexpectstoalreadydothem.DoctorStevenWalsonaddressedthatorganizingfunactivitiestoour afterfrequentlyrefusedactivities.Thisstrategyalsoworksasapo sitivereinforcerwhenthechildplieswithyourrequests.Byarrangi ngyourdaysothatthingsoftenrefusedourrightbeforehighlyprefer redactivities,youareabletoeliminatedefiantbehaviorandmotiva teyourchildsbehaviorofdoingtheundesirableactivity.Thisisnottobepresentedinawaythatthepref
