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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题By doubling the resolution of existing liquid-crystal displays (LCDS), IBM has created a monitor which, when viewed from 18 inches away or farther, shows images that the human eye finds indistinguishable from the real thing. LCDS work by sandwiching a thin she
2、et of liquid crystalsin this case, thin-film transistors-between two narrowly separated panes of glass. Typically, small glass spheres have held the two panes of glass apart, impairing by refraction the performance of the display. IBM has replaced the spheres with small posts, which are located in t
3、he interstices between pixels, and so do not disturb the light as it leaves the excited liquid crystal. In the past, attempts to achieve such high pixel rates have been stymied by the build-up of electrical static, which caused problems with the brightness of the screens. The IBM groups have solved
4、this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build-up of static electricity. The new screen could also help petroleum engineers to speed up their analysis of where to drill from one month to one day. Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided desig
5、n) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster - because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises. RAMS idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, elim
6、inating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.【答案】IBM公司制造的显示器将现有液晶显示器的分辨率提高了一倍。如从18英尺甚至更远的距离看，肉眼很难区分显示屏上的图像与实物之间的区别。液晶显示屏的工作原理是将一层薄薄的液晶（在此为薄膜晶体管）嵌入两块紧密贴合的玻璃之间。通常，显示屏中是以小玻璃球体使两块玻璃片保持分开的状态，其造成的折射会降低显示器的性能。IBM将小球体换成了小支柱，将其置于像素之间的空隙中。这样一来，光线离开被激发的液晶时就不会受到干扰。过去，由于聚积静电会造成屏幕亮度方面的问题，所以显示器一直无法达到这种高像素率
7、。IBM团队用激光在玻璃上片来回扫描，用以防止静电积聚，成功解决了这个问题。新的显示屏还可以帮助石油工程师加快分析钻井地点的速度，从一个月缩短到一天。同样，高保真度将使CAD(计算机辅助设计)系统工作速度更快，发动机和航空航天工业尤为受益。因为新显示器显示的细节可以省去昂贵的原型构建工作。有关内存的概念是新的显示屏将使各类设计师免去许多昂贵且耗时的中间阶段，直接从计算机图像过渡到最终产品。2. 单选题Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of NationalBiography? I d
8、o not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume.
9、 After all, it adds 1068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor. Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,
10、0001ives，some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 1009000su
11、ggestions .( Well, she had written to “ other quality newspapers” too .) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy on time; some who did sent too much. 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. N
12、icholls.There remains the dinner-party game of whos out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were may initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted. Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less atten
13、tion than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in. Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christies (entry in Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the
14、first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America).It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is alway
15、s known.Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th -century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded his biographer comments. “Whether or not Huge was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility”. Then there had to be more women
16、, too (12 per cent, against the original DBNs 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks, “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory.” Doesnt seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and e
